{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:50:18Z","timestamp":1792680618152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L018985\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L018985\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/S013822\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/S013822\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","award":["RIA2017NIM-1842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIA2017NIM-1842"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hybridization of infectious agents is a major emerging public and veterinary health concern at the interface of evolution, epidemiology, and control. Whilst evidence of the extent of hybridization amongst parasites is increasing, their impact on morbidity remains largely unknown. This may be predicted to be particularly pertinent where parasites of animals with contrasting pathogenicity viably hybridize with human parasites. Recent research has revealed that viable zoonotic hybrids between human urogenital Schistosoma haematobium with intestinal Schistosoma species of livestock, notably Schistosoma bovis, can be highly prevalent across Africa and beyond. Examining human populations in Senegal, we found increased hepatic but decreased urogenital morbidity, and reduced improvement following treatment with praziquantel, in those infected with zoonotic hybrids compared to non-hybrids. Our results have implications for effective monitoring and evaluation of control programmes, and demonstrate for the first time the potential impact of parasite hybridizations on host morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9081776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1629449085000},"page":"1776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Hybridized Zoonotic Schistosoma Infections Result in Hybridized Morbidity Profiles: A Clinical Morbidity Study amongst Co-Infected Human Populations of Senegal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Cheikh B.","family":"Fall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parasitologie\u2014Mycologie, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Pharmacie et Odontologie, Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar BP 5005, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6901-373X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Lambert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"},{"name":"London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Faculty of Medicine (St Mary\u2019s Hospital Campus), Imperial College, London W2 1PG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"L\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"},{"name":"London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Faculty of Medicine (St Mary\u2019s Hospital 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