{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T13:06:41Z","timestamp":1782738401725,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KA107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KA107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"LBVBGR","award":["LR11ES31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR11ES31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is mounting evidence for the emerging role of gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites in profoundly impacting allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and its subsequent complications, mainly infections and graft versus host-disease (GvHD). The present study was performed in order to investigate changes in GM composition and fecal metabolic signature between transplant patients (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 18). The intestinal microbiota was characterized by NGS and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry was employed to perform untargeted analysis of fecal metabolites. We found lower relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes and a higher abundance of Proteobacteria phylum after allo-HSCT. Particularly, the GvHD microbiota was characterized by a lower relative abundance of the short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, namely, the Feacalibacterium, Akkermansia, and Veillonella genera and the Lachnospiraceae family, and an enrichment in multidrug-resistant bacteria belonging to Escherichia, Shigella, and Bacteroides. Moreover, network analysis showed that GvHD was linked to a higher number of positive interactions of Blautia and a significant mutual-exclusion rate of Citrobacter. The fecal metabolome was dominated by lipids in the transplant group when compared with the healthy individuals (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, 76 metabolites were significantly altered within transplant recipients, of which 24 were selected as potential biomarkers. Furthermore, the most notable altered metabolic pathways included the TCA cycle; butanoate, propanoate, and pyruvate metabolisms; steroid biosynthesis; and glycolysis\/gluconeogenesis. Specific biomarkers and altered metabolic pathways were correlated to GvHD onset. Our results showed significant shifts in gut microbiota structure and fecal metabolites characterizing allo-HSCT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["High Throughput Analysis Reveals Changes in Gut Microbiota and Specific Fecal Metabolomic Signature in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3987-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soumaya","family":"Kouidhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6128-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nessrine","family":"Souai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Farhat Hachad Universitary Campus, University of Tunis El Manar, Rommana, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2953-2193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oumaima","family":"Zidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Farhat Hachad Universitary Campus, University of Tunis El Manar, Rommana, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5642-8805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amor","family":"Mosbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amel","family":"Lakhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natioanl Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek","family":"Ben Othmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natioanl Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorra","family":"Belloumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natioanl Bone Marrow Transplant Center, Tunis 1029, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhat","family":"Ben Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association Tunisienne de Lutte Contre le Cancer (ATCC), Tunis 1938, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9109-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elias","family":"Asimakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30100 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3941-0990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiota","family":"Stathopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30100 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7310-3842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ameur","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-GeoRessources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, BiotechPole of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5616-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Tsiamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St., 30100 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Khaddour, K., Hana, C.K., and Mewawalla, P. 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