{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:31:03Z","timestamp":1792215063635,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/18538-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/18538-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/09113-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/09113-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/11307-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/11307-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptococcosis, a systemic mycosis that affects both the immunocompromised and immunocompetent, is caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or fungal spores of Cryptococcus gattii or Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryptococcus spp. polysaccharide capsule is composed mainly of glucuronoxylomannan\u2014GXM, its major virulence factor. The capsule thickness increases to more than 15 \u03bcm during titanization, favoring the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. Previous studies demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells that had been bioengineered with GXM-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (GXMR-CAR) were able to recognize C. neoformans by promoting the control of titanization. GXMR-CAR, a second-generation CAR, contains a single-chain variable fragment that originates from a 18B7 clone: a human IgG4 hinge, followed by a human CD28 (transmembrane\/cytoplasmic domains) and a CD3\u03c2 chain. In the current study, we redirected T cells to target distinct C. neoformans and C. gattii cell types by GXMR-CAR. Lentiviral particles carrying the GXMR-CAR sequence were used to transduce Jurkat cells, and these modified cells interacted with the GXM of the C. gattii R265 strain. Moreover, GXMR-CAR mediated the recognition of C. gattii and C. neoformans yeasts with both thin and thick polysaccharide capsules, and GXMR-CAR Jurkat cells interacted with titan cells sourced from both Cryptococcus spp. Thus, bioengineered cells using CAR can improve the treatment of cryptococcosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9091886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:18:26Z","timestamp":1630934306000},"page":"1886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Titan Cells and Yeast Forms of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Are Recognized by GXMR-CAR"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Matheus Henrique","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele Proc\u00f3pio","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pappanaicken R.","family":"Kumaresan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5017-6539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Aparecido","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 140490-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1915-8","article-title":"Cryptococcosis: Epidemiology, fungal resistance, and new alternatives for treatment","volume":"32","author":"Gullo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. 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