{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:14:46Z","timestamp":1781626486454,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009609","name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIM-2017-107 SSA.1421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2017-107 SSA.1421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009609","name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIM-2018-045 SSA. 1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2018-045 SSA. 1503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009609","name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIM-2019-038 SSA. 1592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2019-038 SSA. 1592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009609","name":"Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HIM-2021-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HIM-2021-030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009609","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has increased the incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI). It is the cause of more than 80% of community-acquired cystitis cases and more than 70% of uncomplicated acute pyelonephritis cases. Aim: The present study describes the molecular epidemiology of UPEC O25b clinical strains based on their resistance profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity. Methods: Resistance profiles were identified using the Kirby\u2013Bauer method, including the phenotypic production of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBLs). The UPEC serogroups, phylogenetic groups, virulence genes, and integrons were determined via multiplex PCR. Genetic diversity was established using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and sequence type (ST) was determined via multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Results: UPEC strains (n = 126) from hospitalized children with complicated UTIs (cUTIs) were identified as O25b, of which 41.27% were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 15.87% were extensively drug resistant (XDR). The O25b strains harbored the fimH (95.23%), csgA (91.26%), papGII (80.95%), chuA (95.23%), iutD (88.09%), satA (84.92%), and intl1 (47.61%) genes. Moreover, 64.28% were producers of ESBLs and had high genetic diversity. ST131 (63.63%) was associated primarily with phylogenetic group B2, and ST69 (100%) was associated primarily with phylogenetic group D. Conclusion: UPEC O25b\/ST131 harbors a wide genetic diversity of virulence and resistance genes, which contribute to cUTIs in pediatrics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]],"date-time":"2021-11-05T10:33:09Z","timestamp":1636108389000},"page":"2299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O25b Strains Associated with Complicated Urinary Tract Infection in Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7638-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Contreras-Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica y Ambiental, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Zavala-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuropatolog\u00eda, Instituto Nacional de Neurolog\u00eda y Neurocirug\u00eda Manuel Velasco Su\u00e1rez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14269, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariadnna","family":"Cruz-C\u00f3rdova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Pablo","family":"Reyes-Grajeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Subdirecci\u00f3n de Desarrollo de Aplicaciones Cl\u00ednicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14610, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Escalona-Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Alc\u00e1zar-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Laboratorio Cl\u00ednico, Laboratorio Central, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Arellano-Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Virolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica y Experimental, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rigoberto","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ecolog\u00eda de Agentes Pat\u00f3genos, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea 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Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5299-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara A.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Investigaci\u00f3n en Bacteriolog\u00eda Intestinal, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de M\u00e9xico Federico G\u00f3mez, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 06720, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: Epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Walker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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