{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T18:45:22Z","timestamp":1778265922828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pneumococcal disease is one of the most common and severe vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). Despite the advances in antimicrobial treatment, pneumococcal disease still remains a global burden and exhibits a high mortality rate among people of all ages worldwide. The immunization program of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in children has decreased pneumococcal disease incidence in several countries. However, there are several problems regarding the pneumococcal vaccine, such as indications for immunocompetent persons with underlying medical conditions with a risk of pneumococcal disease, the balance of utility and cost, i.e., cost-effectiveness, vaccine coverage rate, serotype replacement, and adverse events. Especially for individuals aged 19\u201364 at risk of pneumococcal disease, physicians and vaccine providers should make a rational decision whether the patients should be vaccinated or not, since there is insufficient evidence supporting it. We describe this review regarding topics and problems regarding pneumococcal vaccination from the clinician\u2019s point of view.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T08:10:22Z","timestamp":1636704622000},"page":"2342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Recent Topics of Pneumococcal Vaccination: Indication of Pneumococcal Vaccine for Individuals at a Risk of Pneumococcal Disease in Adults"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Asai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshige","family":"Mikamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6846a5","article-title":"Use of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine and 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Among Adults Aged \u226565 Years: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices","volume":"68","author":"Matanock","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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