{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T06:37:00Z","timestamp":1776839820844,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The most common use of cannabis is smoking. The oral ecosystem, among other constituents, can be deregulated by the presence of cannabis smoke in the oral cavity. We evaluated the effect of cannabis smoke condensate (CSC) on the behavior of Candida albicans, a common yeast found in the oral cavity. The yeast was first cultured with different concentrations of CSC, and its growth was evaluated. The transition from the blastospore to the hyphal form and the hyphae size were assessed after 3 and 6 h, along with biofilm formation after 72 h of contact with CSC. The response of C. albicans to oxidative (H2O2) stress was also examined. Our results show that CSC contained high amounts of THC (about 1055 ppm), CBN (63 ppm), and CBG (about 47 ppm). The presence of various concentrations of CSC in the culture medium increased C. albicans growth. CSC also contributed to increases in both the hyphal length and biofilm mass. Following oxidative stress (H2O2 at either 100 or 500 \u03bcM), CSC prevented the damaging effect of H2O2 on both C. albicans shape and growth. These findings support clinical observations demonstrating that cannabis may promote C.\u00a0albicans growth and oral candidiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,14]],"date-time":"2021-11-14T20:51:53Z","timestamp":1636923113000},"page":"2348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effect of Cannabis Smoke Condensate on C. albicans Growth and Biofilm Formation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Neftaha","family":"Tazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9cologie Buccale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Pigeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SiliCycle<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Inc. 2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Mulamba","family":"Mbuyi-Boisvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SiliCycle<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Inc. 2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Giret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SiliCycle<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Inc. 2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"B\u00e9land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SiliCycle<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Inc. 2500, Parc-Technologique Blvd, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1P 4S6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2205-8281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Rouabhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9cologie Buccale, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, November 08). 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