{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:33:04Z","timestamp":1791664384187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) belong to the most common pathologies in Mexico and are mainly caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). UPEC possesses a wide diversity of virulence factors that allow it to carry out its pathogenesis mechanism in the urinary tract (UT). The development of morphotypes in UT represents an important feature of UPEC because it is associated with complications in diagnosis of UTI. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of bacterial morphotypes, virulence genes, virulence phenotypes, antibiotic resistant, and phylogenetic groups in clinical isolates of UPEC obtained from women in Sonora, Mexico. Forty UPEC isolates were obtained, and urine morphotypes were observed in 65% of the urine samples from where E. coli was isolated. Phylogenetic group B2 was the most prevalent. The most frequent virulence genes were fimH (100%), fliCD (90%), and sfaD\/focC (72%). Biofilm formation (100%) and motility (98%) were the most prevalent phenotypes. Clinical isolates showed high resistance to aminoglycosides and \u03b2-lactams antibiotics. These data suggest that the search for morphotypes in urine sediment must be incorporated in the urinalysis procedure and also that clinical isolates of UPEC in this study can cause upper, lower, and recurrent UTI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T02:43:09Z","timestamp":1637289789000},"page":"2381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bacterial Morphotypes as Important Trait for Uropathogenic E. coli Diagnostic; a Virulence-Phenotype-Phylogeny Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Ballesteros-Monrreal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita M. P.","family":"Arenas-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Posgrado en Microbiolog\u00eda, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Microbiol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benem\u00e9rita Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Puebla, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla C.P. 72570, Pue, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Barrios-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca C.P. 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josue","family":"Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7534-9096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maritza Lizeth","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Ainza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2903-7857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Taboada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de F\u00edsica de Coloides y Pol\u00edmeros Departamento de F\u00edsica de Part\u00edculas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, C.P. 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"De la Rosa-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca C.P. 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-0872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Bolado-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo C.P. 83000, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3275-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dora","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca C.P. 83621, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, January 12). 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