{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T16:08:40Z","timestamp":1790611720136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Probiotics should be well established in the gut, passing through the digestive tract with a high degree of viability, and produce metabolites that improve the gut environment by interacting with the gut microbiome. Our previous study revealed that the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HY7715 strain shows good bile acid resistance and a riboflavin production capacity. To confirm the interaction between HY7715 and gut microbiome, we performed a metabolite and microbiome study using a simulated gut system (SGS) that mimics the intestinal environment. Changes in the microbiome were confirmed and compared with L. plantarum NCDO1752 as the control. After 14 days, the HY7715 treatment group showed a relatively high butyrate content compared to the control group, which showed increased acetate and propionate concentrations. Moreover, the riboflavin content was higher in the HY7715 treatment group, whereas the NCDO1752 treatment group produced only small amounts of riboflavin during the treatment period and showed a tendency to decrease during the washout stage; however, the HY7715 group produced riboflavin continuously in the ascending colon during the washout period. A correlation analysis of the genus that increased as the content of riboflavin increased revealed butyrate-producing microorganisms, such as Blautia and Flavonifractor. In conclusion, treatment with L. plantarum HY7715 induced the production and maintenance of riboflavin and the enrichment of the intestinal microbiome<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T22:01:11Z","timestamp":1638309671000},"page":"2478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effects of L. plantarum HY7715 on the Gut Microbial Community and Riboflavin Production in a Three-Stage Semi-Continuous Simulated Gut System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dong-Ki","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong-Seok","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5874-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keon","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Jung","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Lyoul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17086, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Joint FAO\/WHO Working Group (2002). Report on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.12.005","article-title":"Exercise and probiotics attenuate the development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in transgenic mice: Role of microbiome","volume":"115","author":"Abraham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"486","article-title":"Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures","volume":"9","author":"Bagga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(87)79974-3","article-title":"Survival of Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Human Stomach and Adhesion to Intestinal Cells","volume":"70","author":"Conway","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.04.009","article-title":"Probiotics ameliorate intestinal pathophysiology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"481651","article-title":"Health benefits of probiotics: A review","volume":"2013","author":"Kechagia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. Sch. Res. Not."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3769","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2550-9","article-title":"Microbiome, probiotics and neurodegenerative diseases: Deciphering the gut brain axis","volume":"74","author":"Westfall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"411","article-title":"Lactic Acid Bacteria: Probiotic Characteristic, Selection Criteria, and its Role in Human Health (A Review)","volume":"5","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Innov. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399s","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.399s","article-title":"Probiotics: Determinants of survival and growth in the gut","volume":"73","author":"Bezkorovainy","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"37","article-title":"Acid and bile tolerance, adhesion to epithelial cells of probiotic microorganisms","volume":"72","author":"Both","year":"2010","journal-title":"UPB Bul. Stiintific Ser. B Chem. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP), Rychen, G., Aquilina, G., Azimonti, G., Bampidis, V., de Lourdes Bastos, M., Bories, G., Chesson, A., Cocconcelli, P.S., and Flachowsky, G. (2018). Guidance on the characterisation of microorganisms used as feed additives or as production organisms. EFSA J., 16, e05206.","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2018.5206"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.02099","article-title":"Delayed establishment of gut microbiota in infants delivered by cesarean section","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2019.00047","article-title":"The effects of vegetarian and vegan diets on gut microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Tomova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00196-0","article-title":"The complex relationship between drugs and the microbiome","volume":"577","author":"Savage","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100049","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202100049","article-title":"Global climate change, diet, and the complex relationship between human host and microbiome: Towards an integrated picture","volume":"43","author":"Catania","year":"2021","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677218787554","article-title":"Humanizing the gut microbiota of mice: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"53","author":"Lundberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lab. Anim."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2693-8","article-title":"Mouse models for human intestinal microbiota research: A critical evaluation","volume":"75","author":"Hugenholtz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2013.03.002","article-title":"Experimental models of the gut microbiome","volume":"27","author":"Venema","year":"2013","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.280640102","article-title":"The role of continuous culture in modelling the human microflora","volume":"64","author":"Marsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00387","article-title":"Significance of microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases and the modulatory potential by medicinal plant and food ingredients","volume":"8","author":"Eid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2011.06.011","article-title":"Advances and perspectives in in vitro human gut fermentation modeling","volume":"30","author":"Payne","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2018.08.003","article-title":"Using bioreactors to study the effects of drugs on the human microbiota","volume":"149","author":"McDonald","year":"2018","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.12.002","article-title":"In vitro digestion and fermentation of sialyllactoses by infant gut microflora","volume":"21","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10068-016-0091-x","article-title":"Application of in vitro gut fermentation models to food components: A review","volume":"25","author":"Moon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.04.095","article-title":"Effects of fermented milk treatment on microbial population and metabolomic outcomes in a three-stage semi-continuous culture system","volume":"263","author":"Cha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosegaard, S., Dipace, G., Bross, P., Carlsen, J., Gregersen, N., and Olsen, R.K.J. (2020). Riboflavin deficiency-implications for general human health and inborn errors of metabolism. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113847"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.04.004","article-title":"Effects of intravenous infusion of highly purified vitamin B2 on lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and bacterial infection in mice","volume":"492","author":"Toyosawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.04.019","article-title":"Potentiation by amino acid of the therapeutic effect of highly purified vitamin B2 in mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced shock","volume":"493","author":"Toyosawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.03.056","article-title":"Protective effect of the riboflavin-overproducing strain Lactobacillus plantarum CRL2130 on intestinal mucositis in mice","volume":"54","author":"Levit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2015.12.059","article-title":"Invitro study of riboflavin producing lactobacilli as potential probiotic","volume":"68","author":"Thakur","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.-Y., Choi, E.-J., Lee, J.-H., Yoo, M.-S., Heo, K., Shim, J.-J., and Lee, J.-L. (2021). Probiotic Potential of a Novel Vitamin B2-Overproducing Lactobacillus plantarum Strain, HY7715, Isolated from Kimchi. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11135765"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-017-0691-z","article-title":"Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria","volume":"16","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microb. Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1445-8","article-title":"Gut microbiota functions: Metabolism of nutrients and other food components","volume":"57","author":"Rowland","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84031-0","article-title":"Alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and function in patients with sarcopenia","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, K., Kim, J., Park, S.D., Shim, J.J., and Lee, J.L. (2021). Lactobacillus plantarum HY7715 Ameliorates Sarcopenia by Improving Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Aged Balb\/c Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810023"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5305-z","article-title":"Sodium butyrate enhances intestinal riboflavin uptake via induction of expression of riboflavin transporter-3 (RFVT3)","volume":"64","author":"Subramanian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.10.009","article-title":"Resveratrol enhances intestinal barrier function by ameliorating barrier disruption in Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"51","author":"Mayangsari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.07.003","article-title":"Potential mechanisms for the emerging link between obesity and increased intestinal permeability","volume":"32","author":"Teixeira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.109.104638","article-title":"Butyrate Enhances the Intestinal Barrier by Facilitating Tight Junction Assembly via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in Caco-2 Cell Monolayers","volume":"139","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Santos, H.A., Liu, D., and Zhang, H. (2019). Chapter 14\u2014Lab-on-a-chip techniques for high-throughput proteomics and drug discovery. Microfluidics for Pharmaceutical Applications, William Andrew Publishing."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0164","article-title":"The application of in vitro human intestinal models on the screening and development of pre-and probiotics","volume":"9","author":"Pham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"013001","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/aa6121","article-title":"Converging biofabrication and organoid technologies: The next frontier in hepatic and intestinal tissue engineering?","volume":"9","author":"Schneeberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks243","article-title":"Effectiveness of a short (4 day) course of oritavancin in the treatment of simulated Clostridium difficile infection using a human gut model","volume":"67","author":"Chilton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."}],"container-title":["Microorganisms"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/12\/2478\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:37:54Z","timestamp":1760168274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2607\/9\/12\/2478"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["microorganisms9122478"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms9122478","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2607","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]}}}