{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:37:10Z","timestamp":1760236630388,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project funds Mechanism EEA and Slovak Government","award":["SK0082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SK0082"]}]},{"name":"Centre of excellence of environmental health, ITMS","award":["26240120033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26240120033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Enterovirus (EV) infections are associated with a broad range of diseases. Since the first experimental infection of primates with poliovirus (PV), tonsils and the Peyer\u2019s patches (PPs) have been believed to be the primary replication sites of EVs. Our aim was to localize different viral markers in the small intestines (SI) of coxsackievirus B (CVB) orally and intraperitoneally (i.p.) infected mice. Methods: Transverse sections of SIs of both infected and control male outbred mice were collected at different intervals post-infection (p.i) and analyzed for presence of interferon-alpha (IFN-\u03b1) and viral protein VP1 by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). Fluorescent marker, eGFP, was identified in cryosections of mice infected with eGFP-CVB3. Results: In the infected SIs, we observed enlarged germinating centers (GCs) in the PPs; IFN-\u03b1 was detected in the PPs and mucosal layer of the SIs. However, VP1, viral RNA and the eGFP were absent in the GCs of PPs at all stages of infection irrespective of the virus strains used. Conclusions: Virus was present in the epithelial cells but not in GCs of the PPs of the murine SIs. Our results do not support the hypothesis of EV replication in the PP especially in the GCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T21:32:40Z","timestamp":1639690360000},"page":"2600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Primary Site of Coxsackievirus B Replication in the Small Intestines: No Proof of Peyer\u2019s Patches Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8423-5565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhada","family":"Bopegamage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Berakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martinske Biopticke Centrum s.r.o., V. Spanyola 47A Street, 010 01 Zilina, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavol","family":"Gomocak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunohistochemical Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Pathology and Cytology, Cytopathos, s.r.o., Kutuzovova 23, 831 03 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Baksova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochem","family":"Galama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Medical Microbiology, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Hyoty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Department of Virology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland"},{"name":"Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3423-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisko","family":"Tauriainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)00001-8","article-title":"The pathogenesis of poliomyelitis: What we don\u2019t know","volume":"71","author":"Nathanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. 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