{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:02:54Z","timestamp":1793152974465,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microorganisms"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this prospective cohort study was to determine the prevalence of gut colonization with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, risk factors for colonization, infection risk, and outcomes among preterm neonates hospitalized at a tertiary-care center in Serbia. During the period from December 2017 to April 2018, 103 neonates were screened for rectal carriage at admission and on the seventh day of life. Characterization of MDR strains was done by conventional microbiology and molecular methods. Out of 61 (59.2%) colonized neonates, 12 (11.6%) were found colonized at admission, while 49 (47.6%) became colonized at the study site. Among a total of 72 MDR isolates, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing enterobacteria prevailed (56\/72, 77%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (14\/72, 19%). The majority of ESBL-producing strains carried multiple genes (blaTEM\/blaCTX-M-15 or blaTEM\/blaSHV). Longer previous hospitalization and delivery by cesarean section were associated with MDR colonization, while mechanical ventilation was a risk factor for colonization at the study site. Infections due to MDR bacteria were more frequent among colonized than non-colonized neonates, but not significantly, and mortality was low (1%) in the studied neonates. These results indicate that hospitalized preterm neonates in Serbia are rapidly colonized with a diversity of MDR species and resistance phenotypes\/genotypes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T02:50:18Z","timestamp":1639968618000},"page":"2613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Colonization with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the First Week of Life among Hospitalized Preterm Neonates in Serbia: Risk Factors and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Marija","family":"Milic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Institute of Neonatology, Kralja Milutina 50, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Siljic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0453-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Cirkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milos","family":"Jovicevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Perovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9932-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milos","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8585-9807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Martic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia \u201cDr Vukan Cupic\u201d, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Radoja Dakica 6, 11070 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4643-4272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maja","family":"Stanojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Mijac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Virology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31593-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000\u201315: An updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.05.026443","article-title":"Rates, timing and causes of neonatal deaths in rural India: Implications for neonatal health programmes","volume":"84","author":"Baqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull. 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