{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T03:49:46Z","timestamp":1783396186491,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Ecology, Geology, and Natural Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["BR10264324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR10264324"]}]},{"name":"Geography and Geological Department of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna\u0144, Poland","award":["BR10264324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BR10264324"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Minerals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rare earth elements deposited in ion-adsorption clay-type deposits in Northern Kazakhstan were recognised using mineralogical and geochemical methods. The diversity and mineralogical properties of the Shok-Karagay deposit and Syrymbet ore fields under investigation in this study are closely related to the process of the formation of the deposits as well as the deposits\u2019 architecture. A combination of mineralogical research and digital technology (GIS) was used to characterise the deposits. Rare earth elements from the cerium series were found in the following quantities: La (in ppm), 43\u2013200; Ce, 57\u2013206; Sm, 100\u2013300; Eu, 22\u2013100. Yttrium-series elements were found in the following quantities: Y, 31\u2013106; Gd, 100\u2013200; Tb, 100\u2013200; Dy, 0\u2013300; Ho, 0\u201320; Er, 0\u2013364; Tm, 0.28\u20130.85; Yb, 2.2\u201339; Lu, 0\u2013200. The wireframe and block models indicated that the bodies\u2019 forms were 1800 m wide, 3500 m long, and 20\u201340 m thick. The major REE group minerals in both bodies were monazite and xenotime, whereas the minor minerals included yttrium parisite, silicorabdophanite, thorite, and orangite; moreover, ilmenite and titanomagnetite were found. The 3D models that were constructed indicated that the mineralogy and geochemistry of the ore bodies played a determining role in the deposits\u2019 architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/min13111458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]],"date-time":"2023-11-20T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1700445252000},"page":"1458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Rare Earth Elements in the Shok-Karagay Ore Fields (Syrymbet Ore District, Northern Kazakhstan) and Visualisation of the Deposits Using the Geography Information System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuanysh","family":"Togizov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geophysics and Seismology, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-6351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Issayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences Named after K.I. Satpaev, Satbayev University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daulet","family":"Muratkhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences Named after K.I. Satpaev, Satbayev University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7008-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madina","family":"Kurmangazhina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences Named after K.I. Satpaev, Satbayev University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Sw\u0119d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Science, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8682-7513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Duczmal-Czernikiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-686 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11053-017-9336-5","article-title":"The Rare Earth Elements: Demand, global resources, and challenges for resourcing future generations","volume":"27","author":"Goodenough","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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