{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T23:36:01Z","timestamp":1791934561301,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]],"date-time":"2010-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The active multidrug efflux pump (EP) has been described as one of the mechanisms involved in the natural drug resistance of bacteria, such as mycobacteria. As a result, the development of efflux pumps inhibitors (EPIs) is an important topic. In this study, a checkerboard synergy assay indicated that farnesol both decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethidium bromide (EtBr) 8-fold against Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) mc2155 ATCC 700084 when incorporated at a concentration of 32 \u03bcg\/mL (FICI = 0.625) and decreased MIC 4-fold at 16 \u03bcg\/mL (FICI = 0.375). Farnesol also showed synergism when combined with rifampicin. A real-time 96-well plate fluorometric method was used to assess the ability of farnesol to inhibit EPs in comparison withfour positive EPIs: chlorpromazine, reserpine, verapamil, and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Farnesol significantly enhanced the accumulation of EtBr and decreased the efflux of EtBr in M. smegmatis; these results suggest that farnesol acts as an inhibitor of mycobacterial efflux pumps.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15117750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,2]],"date-time":"2010-11-02T10:22:51Z","timestamp":1288693371000},"page":"7750-7762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Farnesol, a Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Mycobacterium smegmatis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key and Open Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Chao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiu-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1309\/1KB2GKYT1BUEYLB5","article-title":"Rapidly growing mycobacteria: Clinical and microbiologic studies of 115 cases","volume":"128","author":"Han","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. 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