{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T07:09:07Z","timestamp":1789715347613,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. is a plant native to Brazil and in the northwest region of the state of Paran\u00e1, Brazil, aerial parts of P. ruderale have been used popularly in the treatment of lesions caused by Leishmania sp.. In this study the antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extract, fractions, and isolated compounds from aerial parts of P. ruderale was evaluated. The dichloromethane extract was submitted to chromatography to yield compounds active against Leishmania amazonensis. Their structures were established by comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. The activities of crude extract against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms of L. amazonensis (IC50) were 60.3 and 77.7 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. Its cytotoxic activity against macrophage cells (CC50) was 500 \u03bcg\/mL. The thiophene derivatives isolated were: 5-methyl-2,2':5',2\"-terthiophene (compound A) and 5'-methyl\u2013[5\u2013(4\u2013acetoxy-1\u2013butynyl)]\u20132,2'-bithiophene (compound B). The activity of compound A against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms were 7.7 and 19.0 \u03bcg\/mL and of compound B were 21.3 and 28.7 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively. The activity of the isolated compounds against promastigote and axenic amastigote forms was better than that of the crude extract and more selective against protozoa than for macrophage cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16053469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]],"date-time":"2011-04-26T12:58:39Z","timestamp":1303822719000},"page":"3469-3478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Thiophene Derivatives with Antileishmanial Activity Isolated from Aerial Parts of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Helena Teru","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio Roberto","family":"Novello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Ueda-Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedito Prado Dias","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Carlos","family":"Palazzo de Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso Vataru","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, PR, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2174\/138527208784577394","article-title":"Natural products for neglected diseases: A review","volume":"12","author":"Ioset","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Org. 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