{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T04:56:44Z","timestamp":1775019404209,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The essential oils obtained from leaves of Piper duckei and Piper demeraranum by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main constituents found in P. demeraranum oil were limonene (19.3%) and \u03b2-elemene (33.1%) and in P. duckei oil the major components found were germacrene D (14.7%) and trans-caryophyllene (27.1%). P. demeraranum and P. duckei oils exhibited biological activity, with IC50 values between 15 to 76 \u03bcg mL\u22121 against two Leishmania species, P. duckei oil being the most active. The cytotoxicity of the essential oils on mice peritoneal macrophage cells was insignificant, compared with the toxicity of pentamidine. The main mono- and sesquiterpene, limonene (IC50 = 278 \u03bcM) and caryophyllene (IC50 = 96 \u03bcM), were tested against the strains of Leishmania amazonensis, and the IC50 values of these compounds were lower than those found for the essential oils of the Piper species. The HET-CAM test was used to evaluate the irritation potential of these oils as topical products, showing that these oils can be used as auxiliary medication in cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with less side effects and lower costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17021819","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]],"date-time":"2012-02-13T11:17:45Z","timestamp":1329131865000},"page":"1819-1829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Chemical and Biological Analyses of the Essential Oils and Main Constituents of Piper Species"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Dominique F.","family":"Moura do Carmo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cromatografia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Ot\u00e1vio, 3000, Coroado, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia Fernandes","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Plantas Medicinais e Derivados, Depto de Produtos Naturais, Farmanguinhos FIOCRUZ, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos, CEP 21041-250, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rzia M. C.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica de Tripanosomat\u00eddeos, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonor Laura","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Bioqu\u00edmica de Tripanosomat\u00eddeos, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jefferson Rocha de Andrade","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Cromatografia, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. Rodrigo Ot\u00e1vio, 3000, Coroado, CEP 69077-000, Manaus, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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Methods"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/17\/2\/1819\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:48:52Z","timestamp":1760219332000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/17\/2\/1819"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules17021819"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules17021819","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,13]]}}}