{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T07:40:47Z","timestamp":1781595647631,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1329782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A recent study reported that Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) could inhibit the growth of hypertrophic scars and improve their appearance. However, the mechanism of BTXA\u2019s action on hypertrophic scars is still unknown. Some in vitro studies had shown BTXA could alleviate hypertrophic scars by acting on the biological behavior of fibroblasts, but there are few in vivo experiments, especially animal model experiments, supporting these findings. The aim of the study reported herein was to investigate the effect of BTXA on collagen deposition on hypertrophic scars in a rabbit ear model and partially clarify the mechanism of BTXA on the hypertrophy of scars. The rabbit hypertrophic scar model was used and eight rabbits were employed. BTXA was injected into the hypertrophic scar tissue of one ear; and the other ear in the same rabbit was the control without BTXA injection. The scar thickness and deposition of collagen was examined through immune histochemistry including haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and Masson trichrome staining. The thicknesses of hypertrophic scars in the BTXA treatment group were obviously lower than in the control groups (P &lt; 0.01). H&amp;E and Masson staining showed that collagen fibers were stained blue. Compared with the treatment group, the collagen fibers were thicker and the arrangement of collagen fibers were disordered in the control group. This study used the rabbit ear model of hypertrophic scars to assess the effects of BTXA on scar hypertrophy. The application of BTXA may be useful for inhibiting hypertrophic scars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17022169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]],"date-time":"2012-02-21T11:10:48Z","timestamp":1329822648000},"page":"2169-2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Collagen Deposition in Hypertrophic Scars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000164538.72375.93","article-title":"Keloid or hypertrophic scar: the controversy: Review of the literature","volume":"54","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Plas. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9334-z","article-title":"Treatment of hypertrophic scars with intra lesional botulinum toxin type A injections: A preliminary report","volume":"33","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.4065\/81.8.1023","article-title":"Botulinum toxin to improve facial wound healing: A prospective, blinded, placebo-controlled study","volume":"81","author":"Gassner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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Laryn."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2005.12.026","article-title":"Reduction of hypertrophic scar via retroviral delivery of adominant negative TGF-beta receptor II","volume":"60","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Plast. Reconstr. Aes."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2005.03.032","article-title":"The Temporal Effects of Anti-TGF-\u03b21, 2, and 3 Monoclonal Antibody on Wound Healing and Hypertrophic Scar Formation","volume":"201","author":"Lu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-009-9423-z","article-title":"Effect of botulinum toxin type A on transforming growth factor beta1 in fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar: A preliminary report","volume":"34","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aesthet. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2007.00224.x","article-title":"Hypertrophic scar model in the rabbit ear: a reproducible model for studying scar tissue behavior with new observations on silicone gel sheeting for scar reduction","volume":"15","author":"Kloeters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wound Repair Regen."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2010.06.001","article-title":"Experience with botulinum toxin type A in medically intractable pediatric chronic daily headache","volume":"43","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1001\/archoto.2010.147","article-title":"Efficacy and duration of botulinum toxin treatment for drooling in 131 children","volume":"136","author":"Scheffer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. 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Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2005.25.627","article-title":"Antifibrogenic Effects of Liposome-Encapsulated IFN-\u03b12b Cream on Skin Wounds in a Fibrotic Rabbit Ear Model","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Interf. Cytok. Res."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/17\/2\/2169\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1760219340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/17\/2\/2169"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules17022169"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules17022169","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,21]]}}}