{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:19:01Z","timestamp":1790957941999,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,11]],"date-time":"2012-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supercritical fluid extraction of all-E-lycopene from tomato industrial wastes (mixture of skins and seeds) was carried out in a semi-continuous flow apparatus using ethane as supercritical solvent. The effect of pressure, temperature, feed particle size, solvent superficial velocity and matrix initial composition was evaluated. Moreover, the yield of the extraction was compared with that obtained with other supercritical solvents (supercritical CO2 and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane). The recovery of all-E-lycopene increased with pressure, decreased with the increase of the particle size in the initial stages of the extraction and was not practically affected by the solvent superficial velocity. The effect of the temperature was more complex. When the temperature increased from 40 to 60 \u00b0C the recovery of all-E-lycopene increased from 80 to 90%. However, for a further increase to 80 \u00b0C, the recovery remained almost the same, indicating that some E-Z isomerization could have occurred, as well as some degradation of lycopene. The recovery of all-E-lycopene was almost the same for feed samples with different all-E-lycopene content. Furthermore, when a batch with a higher all-E-lycopene content was used, supercritical ethane and a near critical mixture of ethane and propane showed to be better solvents than supercritical CO2 leading to a faster extraction with a higher recovery of the carotenoid.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17078397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,11]],"date-time":"2012-07-11T11:03:00Z","timestamp":1342004580000},"page":"8397-8407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Supercritical Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Industrial Wastes with Ethane"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Beatriz P.","family":"Nobre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Bioenergia, LNEG, Estrada do Pa\u00e7o do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Bioenergia, LNEG, Estrada do Pa\u00e7o do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia G. S.","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana F.","family":"Cristino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias Moleculares e Materiais, DQB, FCUL, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio F.","family":"Palavra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, DEQB, IST, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui L.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Bioenergia, LNEG, Estrada do Pa\u00e7o do Lumiar, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2003.08.005","article-title":"Flesh quality and lycopene stability of fresh-cut watermelon","volume":"31","author":"Collins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-2997(03)00034-7","article-title":"Rosehip\u2014A \u201cnew\u201d source of lycopene?","volume":"24","author":"Bitsch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. 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