{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:37:41Z","timestamp":1789533461790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1378080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present work, isoflavonoid phytoalexin production in response to the application of salicylic acid in cotyledons of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (SA) was evaluated. The time-course and dose-response profiles of the induction process were established by quantifying the isoflavonoids by HPLC. Cotyledons of anthracnose-resistant cultivars induced by SA produced substantially higher phytoalexin contents as compared to the susceptible ones. In addition, maximum levels of phytoalexins (50\u2013100 fold increases) were reached between 96 and 144 h, and when a concentration of SA from 3.62 to 14.50 mM was used. The observations also indicate that there was a relatively good correlation between the phytoalexin contents and the inhibitory effect against C. lindemuthianum; the higher antifungal activity was observed during the first  48 hours for extracts from cotyledons treated with SA at 1.45 and 3.62 mM, and  between 96 and 144 h after induction. Finally, compounds structurally related to SA (dihydro-quinazolinones and some imines) showed a strong elicitor effect. Moreover, induced extracts from cotyledons treated with these potential elicitors, besides the properly elicitors, displayed a weak to moderated antifungal activity. These compounds may be considered good candidates for developing of new phytoprotectants. Furthermore, phytoalexin-eliciting substances may contribute for selecting disease resistant cultivars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules180910609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]],"date-time":"2013-09-02T11:38:05Z","timestamp":1378121885000},"page":"10609-10628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Effect of Salicylic Acid and Structurally Related Compounds in the Accumulation of Phytoalexins in Cotyledons of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Durango","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica de los Productos Naturales y los Alimentos, Escuela de Qu\u00edmica,  Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medell\u00edn,  Calle 59\u00aa 63-020 Autopista Norte, P.O. Box 3840, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Pulgarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Qu\u00edmica de los Productos Naturales y los Alimentos, Escuela de Qu\u00edmica,  Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medell\u00edn,  Calle 59\u00aa 63-020 Autopista Norte, P.O. Box 3840, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Echeverri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,  Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N\u00b0 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,  Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N\u00b0 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winston","family":"Qui\u00f1ones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica de Productos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales,  Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 N\u00b0 52-21, P.O. Box 1226, Medell\u00edn, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-010-1375-9","article-title":"Syntenic relationship among legumes revealed using a gene-based genetic linkage map of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)","volume":"121","author":"McConnell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392009000400002","article-title":"Inorganic nutritional composition of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes race Chile","volume":"69","author":"Paredes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2003.11.005","article-title":"Exploitation of natural products as alternative strategy to control post-harvest fungal rotting of fruits and vegetables","volume":"32","author":"Tripathi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol. Technol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1006\/pmpp.1999.0215","article-title":"Induced disease resistance: How do induced plants stop pathogens?","volume":"55","author":"Hammerschmidt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"61","article-title":"A novel strategy for plant protection: Induced resistance","volume":"3","author":"Edreva","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/762412","article-title":"Role of elicitors in inducing resistance in plants against pathogen infection: A review","volume":"1","author":"Thakur","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Biochem."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"17","article-title":"Potential for the use of exogenous chemical elicitors in disease and insect","volume":"2","author":"Holopainen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open For. Sc. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf076","article-title":"Induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogens in the context of induced plant defenses","volume":"89","author":"Heil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Bot.-London"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.2307\/3870231","article-title":"Systemic acquired resistance","volume":"8","author":"Ryals","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.4.6.8392","article-title":"Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.57182\/jbiopestic.2.1.111-114","article-title":"Induced resistance in bhedi against powdery mildew by foliar application of salicylic acid","volume":"2","author":"Vimala","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biopest."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8038","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB10.984","article-title":"Induction of phenolics, lignin and key defense enzymes in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) roots in response to elicitors","volume":"9","author":"Mandal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-8-0228","article-title":"2,6-Dicloroisonicotinic acid-induced resistance to pathogens without the accumulation of salicylic acid","volume":"8","author":"Vernooij","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.4.1269","article-title":"Acquired resistance in barley: The resistance mechanisms induced by 2,6 dichloro-isonicotinic acid is a phenocopy of a genetically based mechanism governing race specific powdery mildew resistance","volume":"106","author":"Kogel","year":"1994","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"432","article-title":"Induced resistance in cucumber in response to 2, 6-dichloroisonicotinic acid and pathogens","volume":"Volume 1","author":"Hennecke","year":"1991","journal-title":"Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(99)00026-5","article-title":"The efficacy of acibenzolar-S-methyl, an inducer of systemic acquired resistance, against bacterial and fungal diseases of tobacco","volume":"18","author":"Cole","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0261-2194(00)00031-4","article-title":"Benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester induces systemic resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Volledung) to cucumber mosaic virus","volume":"19","author":"Anfoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crop Prot."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/71100817","article-title":"Phytoalexin accumulation in colombian bean varieties and aminosugars as elicitors","volume":"7","author":"Durango","year":"2002","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.70.5.1449","article-title":"Effect of chitosan on membrane permeability of suspension-cultured Glycine max and Phaseolus vulgaris cells","volume":"70","author":"Young","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1987.tb00492.x","article-title":"Arachidonic and linoleic acids elicit isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris (French bean)","volume":"120","author":"Longland","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1139\/m94-088","article-title":"Phytoalexin production by wounded white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cotyledons and hypocotyls in response to inoculation with rhizobacteria","volume":"40","author":"Hynes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01267811","article-title":"Effects of abscisic acid, cytokinins, and light on isoflavonoid phytoalexin accumulation in Phaseolus vulgaris L.","volume":"154","author":"Goossens","year":"1982","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"45","article-title":"Phytoalexin response of fifteen brazilian soybean cultivars","volume":"12","author":"Pelicice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Fisiol. Veg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1986.tb04370.x","article-title":"Elicitation and suppression of phytoalexin and isoflavone accumulation in cotyledons of Cicer arietinum L., as caused by wounding and by polymeric components from the fungus Ascochyta rabiei","volume":"117","author":"Kessmann","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.2.257","article-title":"Gene expression is not systemically linked to phytoalexin production during alfalfa leaf interaction with pathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Christophe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Plan-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5520","article-title":"Phytoalexin synthesis by the sorghum mesocotyl in response to infection by pathogenic and nonpathogenic fungi","volume":"84","author":"Nicholson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043174500069034","article-title":"Plant growth response to several allelopathic chemicals","volume":"31","author":"Shettel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Weed Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-1617(96)80173-8","article-title":"Effects of salicylic acid on growth and photosynthesis in barley plants","volume":"149","author":"Pancheva","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.6.11.17685","article-title":"Role of salicylic acid in induction of plant defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)","volume":"6","author":"War","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Signal Behav."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.12.032","article-title":"Metabolism and detoxification of phytoalexins and analogs by phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"66","author":"Pedras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-005-0151-2","article-title":"Novel synthetic 2,6-dichloroisonicotinate derivatives as effective elicitors for inducing the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites","volume":"71","author":"Qian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biot."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2004.06.082","article-title":"Novel fluoro- and hydroxyl-containing jasmonate derivatives as highly efficient elicitors in suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"629","article-title":"Benzothiadiazole, a novel class of inducers of systemic acquired resistance, Activates gene expression and disease resistance in barley","volume":"8","author":"Volrath","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.3390\/12122589","article-title":"Substituted N-phenylpyrazine-2-carboxamides, their synthesis and evaluation as herbicides and abiotic elicitors","volume":"12","author":"Dolezal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9142","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules16119142","article-title":"Pyrazinecarboxamides as potential elicitors of flavonolignan and flavonoid production in Silybum marianum and Ononis arvensis cultures in vitro","volume":"16","author":"Lenka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1","article-title":"New synthetic pyridine derivate as potential elicitor in production of isoflavonoids and flavonoids in Trifolium pratense L. suspension culture","volume":"74","author":"Siatka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.133678","article-title":"The synthetic elicitor 3,5-dichloroanthranilic acid induces NPR1-dependent and NPR1-independent mechanisms of disease resistance in Arabidopsis","volume":"150","author":"Knoth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Jinichiro, K., Toyozo, Y., Umenura, K., and Iwata, M. Methods of screening elicitor inducing the production of phytoalexin in rice and rice disease controlling agent containing elicitor as the active ingredient. (6,146,893), U.S. Patent, filed 21 April 1997, and issued 14 November 2000."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1757","article-title":"Schiff base: An overview of its medicinal chemistry potential for new drug molecules","volume":"5","author":"Sahu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Nanotech."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"66","article-title":"A review on biological activity of quinazolinones","volume":"4","author":"Rakhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-58392012000400008","article-title":"Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Piper auritum Kunth and Piper holtonii C. DC. against phytopathogenic fungi","volume":"72","author":"Pineda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Res."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/18\/9\/10609\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1760219340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/18\/9\/10609"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules180910609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules180910609","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,2]]}}}