{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T19:28:47Z","timestamp":1778009327275,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Panax quinquefolium L. (American Ginseng, AG) is one of the most popular herbal medicines in the World. We aimed to investigate whether chronic (28-day) supplementation with AG could protect against ethanol-induced ulcer in gastric tissue. Furthermore, we investigated the possible molecular mechanisms leading to AG-mediated gastric mucosal protection. We randomized 32 male Wistar rats into four groups for treatment (n = 8 per group): supplementation with water (vehicle) and low-dose (AG-1X), medium-dose (AG-2X) and high-dose (AG-5X) AG at 0, 250, 500, and 1250 mg\/kg, respectively. In the first experiment, animals were fed vehicle or AG treatments for  4 weeks. At day 29, 75% ethanol was given orally to each animal at 10 mL\/kg to induce gastric ulceration for 2 h. In a second experiment, animals were pretreated orally with each treatment for 1 hr before a single oral administration of ethanol (70%, 10 mL\/kg). Trend analysis revealed that AG treatments inhibited ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. AG supplementation dose-dependently decreased the pro-inflammatory levels of interleukin 1\u03b2 and cyclooxygenase 2 and the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins tBid, cytochrome C, and caspases-9 and -3 and increased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and p-Bad. AG could have pharmacological potential for treating gastric ulcer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19010316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]],"date-time":"2013-12-27T12:54:46Z","timestamp":1388148886000},"page":"316-326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cytoprotective Effect of American Ginseng in a Rat Ethanol Gastric Ulcer Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Chi-Chang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean-Chuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Chao","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan-Teng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospitality, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Yang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Chich","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.023","article-title":"American ginseng: Potential structure-function relationship in cancer chemoprevention","volume":"80","author":"Qi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. 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