{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T15:34:58Z","timestamp":1782747298445,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Barnidipine hydrochloride is a long term dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used for the treatment of hypertension. During the process development of barnidipine hydrochloride, four barnidipine impurities were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an ordinary column (Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse  XDB-C18, 150 mm \u00d7 4.6 mm, 5 \u00b5m). All these impurities were identified, synthesized, and subsequently characterized by their respective spectral data (MS, 1H-NMR, and  13C-NMR). The identification of these impurities should be useful for quality control in the manufacture of barnidipine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19011344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]],"date-time":"2014-01-21T11:55:07Z","timestamp":1390305307000},"page":"1344-1352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Impurities of Barnidipine Hydrochloride, an Antihypertensive Drug Substance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Gang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Biocause Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Yong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Biocause Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd, Wuhan 430056, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hubei Biocause Heilen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-Ya","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-393X(00)80022-3","article-title":"Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of barnidipine hydrochloride in patients with renal parenchymal hypertensio","volume":"61","author":"Huh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Ther. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(97)00361-0","article-title":"Evaluation of the antihypertensive effect of barnidipine, a dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker, as determined by the ambulatory blood pressure level averaged for 24 h, daytime, and nigttime","volume":"10","author":"Imai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00162a013","article-title":"Stereoselectivity of a potent calcium antagonist, 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinyl methyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(m-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate","volume":"29","author":"Tamazawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Kojima, T., and Takenaka, T. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic Acid Ester Derivatives. (4220649), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2006, January 25). ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline: Impurities in new drug substances Q3A(R2). Proceedings of the International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.22.151","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo vasodilatory activity of barnidipine and its enantiomers","volume":"22","author":"Inagaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(98)00413-7","article-title":"Sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric assay for barnidipine in human plasma","volume":"719","author":"Pawula","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Chrom. B Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2010.08.019","article-title":"Different photodegradation behavior of barnidipine under natural and forced irradiation","volume":"215","author":"Ioele","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Li, L., Cheng, Z., Li, X., Gao, J., Su, C., and Ma, X. (2010). Synthesis Process of Barnidipine Hydrochloride. (101643469), CN Patent."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/19\/1\/1344\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:07:32Z","timestamp":1760216852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/19\/1\/1344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules19011344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules19011344","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,21]]}}}