{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:39:22Z","timestamp":1789385962129,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With at least 60% of the Millettia species (Fabaceae) being in medicinal use, we found it relevant to assess the potential antiprotozoal and antifungal activities of Millettia richardiana. Water and methanol crude extracts of the stem barks from M. richardiana and the six fractions resulting from the fractionation of the methanol extract were tested. The dichloromethane extracted fraction showed the best in vitro antiprotozoal activities  (IC50 = 5.8 \u03bcg\/mL against Plasmodium falciparum, 11.8 \u03bcg\/mL against Leishmania donovani and 12.8 \u03bcg\/mL against Trypanosoma brucei brucei) as well as low cytotoxicity on several cell lines. The phytochemical analysis showed this selected fraction to be rich in terpenoids and alkaloids, which could explain its antiparasitic activity. A phytochemical study revealed the presence of lonchocarpenin, betulinic acid, \u03b2-amyrin, lupeol, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and stearic acid, among which betulinic acid and lupeol could be the compounds responsible of these antiprotozoal activities. By contrast, neither the crude extracts nor the fractions showed antifungal activity against Candida. These results confirm the importance of the genus Millettia in Malagasy ethnomedicine, its potential use in antiparasitic therapy, and the interest of developing a sustainable exploitation of this plant. Moreover, both molecules betulinic acid and lupeol appeared as very relevant molecules for their antiprotozoal properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19044200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]],"date-time":"2014-04-03T11:26:03Z","timestamp":1396524363000},"page":"4200-4211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Antiprotozoal Activities of Millettia richardiana (Fabaceae)  from Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Manitriniaina","family":"Rajemiarimiraho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d'Application de la Recherche Pharmaceutique (CNARP), BP 702 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar, France"},{"name":"Centre d'Etude et de Recherche M\u00e9decins d'Afrique (CERMA), 43, rue des Glycines,  91600 Savigny sur Orge, France"},{"name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique d'Antananarivo (ESPA), Universit\u00e9 d'Antananarivo, BP 1500, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Th\u00e9ophile","family":"Banzouzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etude et de Recherche M\u00e9decins d'Afrique (CERMA), 43, rue des Glycines,  91600 Savigny sur Orge, France"},{"name":"Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN-CNRS), B\u00e2timent 27, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Laure","family":"Nicolau-Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS\/LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPR8241, 205, route de Narbonne,  F-31077 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, UPS, LCC; 118, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Rangueil, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, UPS, TSA 50032,  31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN-CNRS), B\u00e2timent 27, 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakaria","family":"Cheikh-Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et de Chimioth\u00e9rapie Antiparasitaire, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Cl\u00e9ment, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud 11, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bories","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et de Chimioth\u00e9rapie Antiparasitaire, CNRS UMR 8076 BioCIS, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.-B. Cl\u00e9ment, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud 11, 92296 Ch\u00e2tenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Rakotonandrasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre d'Etude et de Recherche M\u00e9decins d'Afrique (CERMA), 43, rue des Glycines,  91600 Savigny sur Orge, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Rakotonandrasana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National d'Application de la Recherche Pharmaceutique (CNARP), BP 702 Antananarivo 101, Madagascar, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Andrianary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Sup\u00e9rieure Polytechnique d'Antananarivo (ESPA), Universit\u00e9 d'Antananarivo, BP 1500, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Benoit-Vical","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS\/LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) UPR8241, 205, route de Narbonne,  F-31077 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, UPS, LCC; 118, route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rangueil, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse et Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Rangueil, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse III, UPS, TSA 50032,  31059 Toulouse cedex 9, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3923\/ijb.2008.406.420","article-title":"Traditional uses of the African Millettia species (Fabaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Banzouzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intern. 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