{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T05:34:05Z","timestamp":1783402445571,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The standard extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (EGb761) is used clinically in Europe for the symptomatic treatment of impaired cerebral function in primary degenerative dementia syndromes, and the results of numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have supported such clinical use. The abnormal production and aggregation of amyloid \u03b2 peptide (A\u03b2) and the deposition of fibrils in the brain are regarded as key steps in the onset of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), and the inhibition of A\u03b2 aggregation and destabilization of the preformed fibrils represent viable approaches for the prevention and treatment of AD. Flavonoid glycosides and terpene trilactones (TTLs) are the two main components of EGb761 which represent 24 and 6% of the overall content, respectively. In our research, seven abundant flavonoid glycosides 1\u20137 were isolated from the extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves and characterized by spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method was established for the simultaneous quantification of these seven flavonoids. The inhibitory activities of these flavonoids, as well as four TTLs, i.e., ginkgolides A, B, and C and bilobalide (compounds 8\u201311), were evaluated towards A\u03b242 fibril formation using a thioflavin T fluorescence assay. It was found that three flavonoids 1, 3 and 4 exhibited moderate inhibitory activities, whereas the other four flavonoids 2, 5, 6 and 7, as well as the four terpene trilactones, showed poor activity. This is the first report of the inhibition of A\u03b2 fibril formation of two characteristic acylated flavonoid glycosides 6, 7 in Ginkgo leaves, on the basis of which the structure-activity relationship of these flavonoids 1\u20137 was discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19044466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]],"date-time":"2014-04-10T11:41:08Z","timestamp":1397130068000},"page":"4466-4478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Quantitative Analysis of the Flavonoid Glycosides and Terpene Trilactones in the Extract of Ginkgo biloba and Evaluation of Their Inhibitory Activity towards Fibril Formation of  \u03b2-Amyloid Peptide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee-Fong","family":"Yau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan-Bin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongzhen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon,  Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"State Key Lab of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8251-3","article-title":"A\u03b2 Toxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"45","author":"Cavallucci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. 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