{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T17:12:26Z","timestamp":1789924346508,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A resorcinarene derivative of vanillin, resvan, was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques. We measured the cytotoxicity (in vivo and in vitro), antioxidant and anti-Toxoplasma activities of vanillin and the resorcinarene compound. Here we show that vanillin has a dose-dependent behavior with IC50 of 645 \u00b5g\/mL through an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. However, we could not observe any cytotoxic response at higher concentrations of resvan (IC50 &gt; 2,000 \u00b5g\/mL). The in vivo acute toxicity assays of vanillin and resvan exhibited a significant safety margin indicated by a lack of systemic and behavioral toxicity up to 300 mg\/kg during the first 30 min, 24 h or 14 days after administration. The obtained derivative showed greater antioxidative activity (84.9%) when comparing to vanillin (19.4%) at 1,000 \u03bcg\/mL. In addition, vanillin presents  anti-Toxoplasma activity, while resvan does not show that feature. Our findings suggest that this particular derivative has an efficient antioxidant activity and a negligible cytotoxic effect, making it a potential target for further biological investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19055898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]],"date-time":"2014-05-07T10:41:54Z","timestamp":1399459314000},"page":"5898-5912","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Comparative Study on the Antioxidant and Anti-Toxoplasma Activities of Vanillin and Its Resorcinarene Derivative"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology\/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ywlliane","family":"Meurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Memory Studies Laboratory, Physiology Department, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology\/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry and Polymers, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter","family":"Andrade-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology\/LABMAT, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Salgado Filho, s\/n, Lagoa Nova, Natal\/RN, CEP 59000-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762002000400001","article-title":"Some aspects of protozoan infections in immunocompromised patients\u2014a review","volume":"97","author":"Ferreira","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. 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