{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:05:56Z","timestamp":1778238356727,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1402444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marine-derived natural products from invertebrates comprise an extremely diverse and promising source of the compounds from a wide variety of structural classes. This study describes the discovery of five marine natural products with activity against Trypanosoma species by natural product library screening using whole cell in vitro assays. We investigated the anti-trypanosomal activity of the extracts from the soft corals and echinoderms living in Vietnamese seas. Of the samples screened, the methanolic extracts of several marine organisms exhibited potent activities against cultures of Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi (EC50 &lt; 5.0 \u03bcg\/mL). Among the compounds isolated from these extracts, laevigatol B (1) from Lobophytum crassum and L. laevigatum, (24S)-ergost-4-ene-3-one (2) from Sinularia dissecta, astropectenol A (3) from Astropecten polyacanthus, and cholest-8-ene-3\u03b2,5\u03b1,6\u03b2,7\u03b1-tetraol (4) from Diadema savignyi showed inhibitory activity against T. brucei with EC50 values ranging from 1.57 \u00b1 0.14 to 14.6 \u00b1 1.36 \u03bcM, relative to the positive control, pentamidine (EC50 = 0.015 \u00b1 0.003 \u03bcM). Laevigatol B (1) and  5\u03b1-cholest-8(14)-ene-3\u03b2,7\u03b1-diol (5) exhibited also significant inhibitory effects on T. cruzi. The cytotoxic activity of the pure compounds on mammalian cells was also assessed and found to be insignificant in all cases. This is the first report on the inhibitory effects of marine organisms collected in Vietnamese seas against Trypanosoma species responsible for neglected tropical diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19067869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]],"date-time":"2014-06-11T11:59:22Z","timestamp":1402487962000},"page":"7869-7880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Secondary Metabolites from Vietnamese Marine Invertebrates with Activity against Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Thao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joo","family":"No","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bui","family":"Luyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyongseon","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junghyun","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology of Pathogens Group, Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Cuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chau","family":"Van Minh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18-Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2634-9705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), University of M\u00fcnster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstrasse 48, M\u00fcnster D-48149, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e333","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000333","article-title":"The burden of human African trypanosomiasis","volume":"2","author":"Fevre","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712800229087","article-title":"The potential of secondary metabolites from plants as drugs or leads against protozoan neglected diseases-part II","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.11144\/Javeriana.SC18-3.npcd","article-title":"Natural products and Chagas\u2019 disease: The action of triterpenes acids isolated from Miconia species","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Lemke, T.L., and Williams, D. (2012). Foye\u2019s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [7th ed]."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.02.016","article-title":"R&D investments for neglected diseases can be sensitive to the economic goal of pharmaceutical companies","volume":"17","author":"Dimitri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1021\/np300834q","article-title":"Examination of the mode of action of the almiramide family of natural products against the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"76","author":"Sanchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"WHO. Neglected Tropical Diseases. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/neglected_diseases\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.2174\/092986712800229023","article-title":"The potential of secondary metabolites from plants as drugs or leads against protozoan neglected diseases-part I","volume":"19","author":"Schmidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2487","article-title":"Drug development from marine natural products","volume":"8","author":"Molinski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"1293","article-title":"A store of house of drugs-A review","volume":"3","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1039\/c3np70030e","article-title":"Bioactive natural products derived from the Central Africanflora against neglected tropical diseases and HIV","volume":"30","author":"Zofou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.3923\/ijzr.2011.272.278","article-title":"In vitro larvicidal activity of marine algae against the human vectors Culexquinque fasciatus (Say) and Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae)","volume":"7","author":"Manilal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Zool. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1671","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001671","article-title":"An image-based high-content screening assay for compounds targeting intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes in human macrophages","volume":"6","author":"Neto","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.03.009","article-title":"Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory cembranoids from the Vietnamese soft coral Lobophytum laevigatum","volume":"19","author":"Quang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.5012\/bkcs.2013.34.3.949","article-title":"Steroidal constituents from the soft coral Sinularia dissecta and their inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells","volume":"34","author":"Thao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. Korean Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.c13-00490","article-title":"Steroidal constituents from the starfish Astropecten polyacanthus and their anticancer effects","volume":"61","author":"Thao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1021\/np50072a003","article-title":"New tetrahydroxylated strerols from the marine sponge Spongia officinalis","volume":"53","author":"Migliuolo","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2010.09.015","article-title":"The structural diversity and promise of antiparasitic marine invertebrate-derived small molecules","volume":"21","author":"Watts","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1250612","article-title":"Complete structural assignment of serratol, a cembrane-type diterpene from Boswellia serrata, and evaluation of its antiprotozoal activity","volume":"77","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1021\/np900382x","article-title":"Norselic acids A-E, highly oxidized anti-infective steroids that deter mesograzer predation, from the antarctic sponge Crella sp","volume":"72","author":"Ma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1021\/np100348x","article-title":"Antiprotozoal steroidal saponins from the marine sponge Pandaros acanthifolium","volume":"73","author":"Regalado","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1139\/V09-030","article-title":"8-Isocyanoamphilecta-11(20),15-diene, a new antimalarial isonitrile diterpene from the sponge Ciocalapata sp","volume":"87","author":"Wattanapiromsakul","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/19\/6\/7869\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T21:12:20Z","timestamp":1760217140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/19\/6\/7869"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules19067869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules19067869","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,11]]}}}