{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T21:46:56Z","timestamp":1789681616965,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Council Taiwan","award":["(NSC-100-2314-B-075-029-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(NSC-100-2314-B-075-029-MY2"]}]},{"name":"National Science Council Taiwan","award":["NSC-101-2320-B-010-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSC-101-2320-B-010-043"]}]},{"name":"Taipei City Hospital","award":["2013 No. 49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013 No. 49"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid hormones are crucial hormones that primarily regulate the metabolism of entire body cells. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into sham thyroidectomy (Sham Tx), thyroidectomy (Tx), Tx with thyroxine replacement (Tx + T4), and PTU injection (PTU) groups. Metabolic parameters were measured by means of metabolic cages for 14 days. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed while the levels of plasma or serum TSH and growth-related molecules, such as active and total ghrelin, GH, and IGF-1, were assayed. The results revealed that hypothyroid rats tended to eat less food and experienced substantial body weight gain, whereas the rats with T4 replacement tended to eat more food while continuing to lose weight. In hypothyroid rats, the growth-related molecules, such as active ghrelin and total ghrelin secretion, were enhanced, and the ghrelin receptors were also up-regulated. However, circulating GH levels were not elevated and IGF-1 secretion was inhibited in hypothyroid rats. In the Tx + T4 group, the changes of active ghrelin, total ghrelin, GHS-R expression, and IGF-1 were reversed, whereas the GH secretion was higher than that of the Sham Tx group and hypothyroid groups. This study resulted in the novel finding that the ghrelin\/GHS-R axis and GH\/IGF-1 axis are interrupted in hypothyroid rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190811178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T09:19:07Z","timestamp":1406711947000},"page":"11178-11195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of Subacute Hypothyroidism on Metabolism and Growth-Related Molecules"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yen-Jui","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yangming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11146, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chii-Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine and Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chii-Chang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Yangming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 11146, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulus","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital,  Taipei 11217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Medical Center of Aging Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyi-Wu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wiener, C.M. 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