{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T09:15:22Z","timestamp":1768727722590,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/I003479\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/I003479\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A mild procedure for the reduction of electron-deficient alkenes and carbonyl compounds is described. UVA irradiations of substituted maleimides with dispersions of titania (Aeroxide P25) in methanol\/acetonitrile (1:9) solvent under dry anoxic conditions led to hydrogenation and production of the corresponding succinimides. Aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes were reduced to primary alcohols in similar titania photocatalyzed reactions. A mechanism is proposed which involves two proton-coupled electron transfers to the substrates at the titania surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules190915324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]],"date-time":"2014-09-24T08:58:34Z","timestamp":1411549114000},"page":"15324-15338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hydrogenations without Hydrogen: Titania Photocatalyzed Reductions of Maleimides and Aldehydes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Manley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Buzzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"MacKessack-Leitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2746-6276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1021\/cr00035a013","article-title":"Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces: Principles, mechanisms, and selected results","volume":"95","author":"Linsebigler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chem. 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