{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T04:19:44Z","timestamp":1790655584646,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008527","name":"Shenyang agricultural university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20101012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20101012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The larvicidal activity of the crude petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Amorpha fruticosa seeds was individually assayed for toxicity against the early fourth-instar larva of the mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens after  24 h exposure. Of the tested extracts, the ethanol one exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (LC50 = 22.69 mg\/L). Amorphigenin (8'-hydroxyrotenone), a rotenoid compound which exhibits a strong larvicidal activity with LC50 and LC90 values of 4.29 and 11.27 mg\/L, respectively, was isolated from the ethanol extract by column chromatograpy. Its structure was elucidated by 1H-NMR, UV and IR spectral data. Furthermore, investigation of amorphigenin\u2019s effects on mitochondrial complex I activity and protein synthesis in  C. pipiens pallens larvae reveals that amorphigenin decreases mitochondrial complex I activities to 65.73% at 10.45 \u03bcmol\/L, compared to the control, when NADH were used as the substrate. Meanwhile, amorphigenin at 10.45 \u03bcmol\/L also caused a 1.98-fold decrease in protein content, compared to the control larvae treated with acetone only.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20023238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]],"date-time":"2015-02-16T10:30:38Z","timestamp":1424082638000},"page":"3238-3254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Toxicity of Amorphigenin from the Seeds of Amorpha fruticosa against the Larvae of Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yaping","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zumin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiwen","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China"},{"name":"Biopesticide Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(98)70357-4","article-title":"Immunoblot analysis of salivary allergens in 10 mosquito species with worldwide distribution and the human ige responses to these allergens","volume":"101","author":"Peng","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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