{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:44:25Z","timestamp":1788493465853,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious public health problem aggravated by the emergence of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strains resistant to multiple drugs (MDR). Delay in TB treatment, common in the MDR-TB cases, can lead to deleterious life-threatening inflammation in susceptible hyper-reactive individuals, encouraging the discovery of new anti-Mtb drugs and the use of adjunctive therapy based on anti-inflammatory interventions. In this study, a series of forty synthetic chalcones was evaluated in vitro for their  anti-inflammatory and antimycobacterial properties and in silico for pharmacokinetic parameters. Seven compounds strongly inhibited NO and PGE2 production by LPS-stimulated macrophages through the specific inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, respectively, with compounds 4 and 5 standing out in this respect. Four of the seven most active compounds were able to inhibit production of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. Chalcones that were not toxic to cultured macrophages were tested for antimycobacterial activity. Eight compounds were able to inhibit growth of the M. bovis BCG and Mtb H37Rv strains in bacterial cultures and in infected macrophages. Four of them, including compounds 4 and 5, were active against a hypervirulent clinical Mtb isolate as well. In silico analysis of ADMET properties showed that the evaluated chalcones displayed satisfactory pharmacokinetic parameters. In conclusion, the obtained data demonstrate that at least two of the studied chalcones, compounds 4 and 5, are promising antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory agents, especially focusing on an anti-tuberculosis dual treatment approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20058072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]],"date-time":"2015-05-05T10:43:16Z","timestamp":1430822596000},"page":"8072-8093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Antimycobacterial and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Substituted Chalcones Focusing on an Anti-Tuberculosis Dual Treatment Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Thatiana","family":"Ventura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia,  Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maca\u00e9, P\u00f3lo Novo Cavaleiro\u2014IMMT, Maca\u00e9 27933-378, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanderson","family":"Calixto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia,  Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e1rbara","family":"Abrahim-Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Mello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter\u00f3i, Rio de Janeiro 24020141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-9323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro,  Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Lasunskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias e Biotecnologia,  Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Muzitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Produtos Bioativos, Curso de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maca\u00e9, P\u00f3lo Novo Cavaleiro\u2014IMMT, Maca\u00e9 27933-378, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"491","article-title":"Macrophage cytokines: Involvement in immunity and infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"Duque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. 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