{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T18:42:52Z","timestamp":1792262572534,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1438300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alismatis Rhizoma (AMR) is a well-known natural medicine with a long history in Chinese medicine and has been commonly used for treating a wide range of ailments related to dysuria, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, inflammation as well as tumors in clinical applications. Most beneficial effects of AMR are attributed to the presence of protostane terpenoids, the major active ingredients of Alismatis Rhizoma (AMR). In this study, a systematic high performance liquid chromatography\/diode-array detector\/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography\/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the major AMR triterpenoids. First, a total of 25 triterpenoid components, including 24 known compounds and one new compound were identified by comparison with UV spectra, molecular ions and fragmentation behaviors of reference standards or the literature. Second, an efficient method was established for the rapid simultaneous determination of 14 representative triterpenoids by UPLC-QqQ MS. Forty-three batches of AMR were analyzed with linearity (r, 0.9980\u20130.9999), intra-day precision (RSD, 1.18%\u20133.79%), inter-day precision (RSD, 1.53%\u20133.96%), stability (RSD, 1.32%\u20133.97%), repeatability (RSD, 2.21%\u20134.25%), and recovery (98.11%\u2013103.8%). These results indicated that new approaches combining HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF MS and UPLC-QqQ MS are applicable in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200813958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]],"date-time":"2015-07-31T10:12:24Z","timestamp":1438337544000},"page":"13958-13981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Major  Triterpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography\/Diode-Array Detector\/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography\/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wanli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"},{"name":"Institute of Nanostructured Functional materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqiang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sainan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingqing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuisheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"701","article-title":"Hypolipidemic effects of alismatis rhizome on lipid profile in mice fed high-fat diet","volume":"32","author":"Dan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2012.05.009","article-title":"Study on the hypoglycemic activities and metabolism of alcohol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma","volume":"83","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fitoterapia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b110689","article-title":"The rhizomes of Alisma orientale and alisol derivatives inhibit allergic response and experimental atopic dermatitis","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bul."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975158","article-title":"Cytotoxic triterpenoides from Alismatis Rhizoma","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.04.017","article-title":"Diuretic and anti-diuretic activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of Alismatis Rhizoma","volume":"154","author":"Feng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520614666140601213514","article-title":"Anti-Proliferative Activities of Terpenoids Isolated from Alisma orientalis and their Structure-Activity Relationships","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anti-Cancer Agents Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-012-1108-5","article-title":"A new triterpenoid from Alisma orientale and their antibacterial effect","volume":"35","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.02.026","article-title":"Renaissance remedies: Antiplasmodial protostane triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica L. (Alismataceae)","volume":"135","author":"Adams","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.673629","article-title":"Antioxidative effects of Alisma orientale extract in palmitate-induced cellular injury","volume":"50","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.01.010","article-title":"Ethanol extract of Alismatis Rhizoma reduces acute lung inflammation by suppressing nf-kappab and activating nrf2","volume":"146","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.114.4_241","article-title":"Crude drugs from aquatic plants. III Quantitative analysis of triterpene constituents in Alismatis Rhizoma by means of high performance liquid chromatography on the chemical change of the constituents during Alismatis Rhizoma processing","volume":"114","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"3306","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of four alisols in Rhizoma Alismatis by RP-HPLC","volume":"35","author":"Luo","year":"2010","journal-title":"China J. Chin. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.4548","article-title":"Characterization of protostane triterpenoids in Alisma orientalis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11281","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules180911281","article-title":"Identification of multiple ingredients for a traditional Chinese medicine preparation (bu-yang-huan-wu-tang) by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"18","author":"Shaw","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1382948","article-title":"Quantification of the antiplasmodial alkaloid carpaine in papaya (Carica papaya) leaves","volume":"80","author":"Julianti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201300655","article-title":"Rapid simultaneous determination of twelve major components in pien tze huang by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry","volume":"36","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1350823","article-title":"From olive drupes to olive oil. An HPLC-orbitrap-based qualitative and quantitative exploration of olive key metabolites","volume":"79","author":"Kanakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12192","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181012192","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of andrographis paniculata by rapid resolution liquid chromatography\/time-of-flight mass spectrometry","volume":"18","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1368550","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of thirteen aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids in the lateral roots of aconitum carmichaeli by solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"80","author":"Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3451","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.201100333","article-title":"Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology for metabolomic studies","volume":"34","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Sep. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.02.011","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major constituents in Chinese medicinal preparation dan-lou tablet by ultra high performance liquid chromatography\/diode-array detector\/quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"80","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)97024-9","article-title":"Terpenoids of Alisma orientale rhizome and the crude drug Alismatis Rhizoma","volume":"36","author":"Nakajima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-962495","article-title":"11-deoxyalisol c and alisol d: New protostane-type triterpenoids from Alisma plantago-aquatica","volume":"54","author":"Fukuyama","year":"1988","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.56.41","article-title":"Stability and structure studies on alisol a 24-acetate","volume":"56","author":"Makabel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.42.2430","article-title":"Crude drugs from aquatic plants. V. On the constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma. (3). Stereostructures of water-soluble bioactive sesquiterpenes, sulfoorientalols a, b, c, and d, from Chinese Alismatis Rhizoma","volume":"42","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chem. Pharm. Bull."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/20\/8\/13958\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T20:50:04Z","timestamp":1760215804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/20\/8\/13958"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules200813958"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules200813958","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,31]]}}}