{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T17:17:27Z","timestamp":1770743847690,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is known that allergic people was potentially vulnerable to bee venom (BV), which can induce an anaphylactic shock, eventually leading to death. Up until recently, this kind of allergy was treated only by venom immunotherapy (VIT) and its efficacy has been recognized worldwide. This treatment is practiced by subcutaneous injections that gradually increase the doses of the allergen. This is inconvenient for patients due to frequent injections. Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been broadly studied as a carrier for drug delivery systems (DDS) of proteins and peptides. PLGA particles usually induce a sustained release. In this study, the physicochemical properties of BV were examined prior to the preparation of BV-loaded PLGA nanoparticles NPs). The content of melittin, the main component of BV, was 53.3%. When protected from the light BV was stable at 4 \u00b0C in distilled water, during  8 weeks. BV-loaded PLGA particles were prepared using dichloromethane as the most suitable organic solvent and two min of ultrasonic emulsification time. This study has characterized the physicochemical properties of BV for the preparation BV-loaded PLGA NPs in order to design and optimize a suitable sustained release system in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200815072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]],"date-time":"2015-08-18T05:43:13Z","timestamp":1439876593000},"page":"15072-15083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Preformulation Studies of Bee Venom for the Preparation of Bee Venom-Loaded PLGA Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Min-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy,  Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju-Heon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy,  Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jong-Woon","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wissen Co., Ltd, #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Kyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wissen Co., Ltd, #410 Bio Venture Town, 461-8, Daejeon 305-811, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bong-Joo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine,  Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guk-Hyun","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine,  Chonnam National Univeristy, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-0132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheong-Weon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Drug Research and Development, College of Pharmacy,  Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7407","DOI":"10.1021\/ja004351p","article-title":"Self-association and membrane-binding behavior of melittins containing trifluoroleucine","volume":"123","author":"Niemz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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