{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T13:10:25Z","timestamp":1772889025998,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Clinically, leishmaniases range from cutaneous to visceral forms, with estimated global incidences of 1.2 and 0.4 million cases per year, respectively. The treatment of these diseases relies on multiple parenteral injections with pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B. However, these pharmaceuticals are either too toxic or expensive for routine use in developing countries. These facts call for safer, cheaper, and more effective new antileishmanial drugs. In this investigation, we describe the results of the assessment of the activities of a series of isobenzofuran-1(3H)-ones (phtalides) against Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, which is the main causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World. The compounds were tested at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 6.25 \u00b5M over 24, 48, and 72 h. After 48 h of treatment at the 100 \u00b5M concentration, compounds 7 and 8 decreased parasite viability to 4% and 6%, respectively. The concentration that gives half-maximal responses (LC50) for the antileishmanial activities of compounds 7 and 8 against promastigotes after 24 h were 60.48 and 65.93 \u00b5M, respectively. Additionally, compounds 7 and 8 significantly reduced parasite infection in macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201219857","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]],"date-time":"2015-12-14T10:21:33Z","timestamp":1450088493000},"page":"22435-22444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Antileishmanial Potential of C-3 Functionalized Isobenzofuranones against Leishmania (Leishmania) Infantum Chagasi"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Wagner","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"De Souza Vasconcellos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Qu\u00edmica Medicinal em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Mariotini-Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Qu\u00edmica Medicinal em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Saar Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014ICEB\/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Firmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Qu\u00edmica Medicinal em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adalberto","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abelardo","family":"Silva J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9741-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2498-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Crocco Afonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Biol\u00f3gicas\u2014ICEB\/NUPEB, Campus do Morro do Cruzeiro, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, 35.400-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3181-1108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00f3bson","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal de Vi\u00e7osa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6122-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana","family":"Lopes Rangel Fietto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Biotecnologia Estrutural e Qu\u00edmica Medicinal em Doen\u00e7as Infecciosas (INBEQMeDi), Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Av. Trabalhador S\u00e3o Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, S\u00e3o Carlos, SP, 13.560-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S\/N, Vi\u00e7osa, MG, 36.570-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2015). Leishmaniasis, WHO. Available online: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs375\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2010). 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