{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:27:49Z","timestamp":1785266869202,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]],"date-time":"2016-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A method for the separation and quantification of three flavonoids and one isocoumarin by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed and validated. Four constituents present in a crude ethanolic extract of the flowers of Coryloposis coreana Uyeki, were analyzed. Bergenin, quercetin, quercitrin and isosalipurposide were used as calibration standards. In the present study, an excellent linearity was obtained with an r2 higher than 0.999. The chromatographic peaks showed good resolution. In combination with other validation data, including precision, specificity, and accuracy, this method demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity, and can be conveniently used for the quantification of bergenin, quercetin, quercitrin and isosalipurposide in the crude ethanolic extract of C. coreana Uyeki flos. Furthermore, the plant extracts were analyzed with HPLC to determine the four constituents and compositional differences in the extracts obtained under different extraction conditions. Several extracts of them which was dependent on the ethanol percentage of solvent were also analyzed for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. One hundred % ethanolic extract from C. coreana Uyeki flos showed the best antimicrobial activity against the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain. Eighty % ethanolic extract showed the best antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Taken of all, these results suggest that the flower of C. coreana Uyeki flos may be a useful source for the cure and\/or prevention of septic arthritis, and the validated method was useful for the quality control of C. coreana Uyeki.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21010094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,16]],"date-time":"2016-01-16T03:30:25Z","timestamp":1452915025000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["HPLC Analysis, Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Biological Evaluation of Corylopsis coreana Uyeki Flos"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4062-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jung-Hyun","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goo","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi-Ae","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Develpoment Team, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Food Research Institute, Naju, Jeonnam 520-330, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3631-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Sik","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dae-Hun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oriental Medicine Materials, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 520-714, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1497-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung-Sik","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Hamamelidaceae","volume":"Volume 9","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Flora of China"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Nweall, C.A., Anderson, L.A., and Phillipson, J.D. (1996). Herbal Medicine: A Guide to Health-Care Professional, The Pharmaceutical Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(88)80184-5","article-title":"Tannin antioxidants from Osbeckia chinensis","volume":"27","author":"Jeng","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00195-7","article-title":"Hamamelitannin from Hamamelis virginiana inhibits the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced endothelial cell death in vitro","volume":"40","author":"Habtemariam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1021\/np200426k","article-title":"Hamamelitannin from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) displays specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells","volume":"75","author":"Carreras","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18054876","article-title":"Anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cells lines of the phenolic compounds from Corylopsis coreana Uyeki","volume":"18","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00079-4","article-title":"Dietary flavonoids: Intake, health effects and bioavailability","volume":"37","author":"Hollman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.06.035","article-title":"In vitro effect of quercetin on human gastric carcinoma: Targeting cancer cells death and MDR","volume":"50","author":"Borska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.03.015","article-title":"Quercitrin protects skin from UVB-induced oxidative damage","volume":"269","author":"Yin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2012.02.096","article-title":"Synthesis of new bergenin derivatives as potent inhibitors of inflammatory mediators NO and TNF-alpha","volume":"22","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.10.013","article-title":"Phenolic profile and biological potential of Endopleura uchi extracts","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2010.03.003","article-title":"Phloridzin: Biosynthesis, distribution and physiological relevance in plants","volume":"71","author":"Gosch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2008.04.009","article-title":"Antioxidant constituents of Nymphaea caerulea flowers","volume":"69","author":"Agnihotri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-007-0223-y","article-title":"Anticarcinogenic compounds in the Uzbek medicinal plant, Helichrysum maracandicum","volume":"62","author":"Yagura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2015.05.015","article-title":"The chalcone compound isosalipurposide (ISPP) exerts a cytoprotective effect against oxidative injury via Nrf2 activation","volume":"287","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.5138\/ijpm.2009.0975.0185.05786","article-title":"Application of quality control principles to herbal drugs","volume":"1","author":"Shinde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytomed."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"(1996). ICH Guidelines. Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use: Harmonized Triplicate Guidelines on Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology, Recommended for Adoption at Step 4 of the ICH Process on November 1996 by the ICH Steering Committee, IFPMA."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-009-9043-x","article-title":"A review of the antioxidant mechanisms of polyphenol compounds related to iron binding","volume":"53","author":"Perron","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.01.072","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of extract and fractions from Enteromorpha prolifera, a type of green seaweed","volume":"127","author":"Cho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13281","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200713281","article-title":"The antioxidant activity and their major antioxidant compounds from Acanthopanax senticosus and A. koreanum","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3746\/jkfn.2010.39.3.399","article-title":"Extraction Conditions of Radical Scavenging Caffeoylquinic Acids from Gomchui (Ligularia fischeri) Tea","volume":"39","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3746\/jkfn.2015.44.11.1682","article-title":"Validation of Analytical Method of Marker Compounds in Extract of Pear Pomace as a Functional Health Ingredient","volume":"44","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1039\/b804385j","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of (+)-bergenin: A phytoconstituent isolated from the bark of Sacoglottis uchi Huber (Humireaceae)","volume":"6","author":"Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-7756-4_38","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of quercetin","volume":"701","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425778","article-title":"In vivo quercitrin anti-inflammatory effect involves release of quercetin, which inhibits inflammation through down-regulation of the NF-kappaB pathway","volume":"35","author":"Comalada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"653","article-title":"Approach to septic arthritis","volume":"84","author":"Horowitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01626-07","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological aspects of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Denmark during 2003 and 2004","volume":"46","author":"Ekelund","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"301","article-title":"Effect of antimicrobial treatment on chronic reactive arthritis","volume":"11","author":"Toivanen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-3579(05)80312-7","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Kloppenburg","year":"1995","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61595-6","article-title":"Bacterial septic arthritis in adults","volume":"375","author":"Mathews","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2006.08.007","article-title":"Septic arthritis due to extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"74","author":"Schelenz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Jt. Bone Spine"},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"1565","article-title":"Antibacterial potential of Calotropis procera (flower) extract against various pathogens","volume":"27","author":"Ali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1002\/jobm.200410355","article-title":"Effect of certain bioactive plant extracts on clinical isolates of beta-lactamase producing methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"45","author":"Aqil","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Basic Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.04.043","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of Schinus lentiscifolius (Anacardiaceae)","volume":"148","author":"Gehrke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1590\/S0044-59672009000100019","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of bergenin from Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec","volume":"39","author":"Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Amazon."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.08.002","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid, a polyphenolic compound, treats mice with septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans","volume":"8","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2012.02766.x","article-title":"Gentamicin in combination with ascorbic acid regulates the severity of Staphylococcus aureus infection-induced septic arthritis in mice","volume":"76","author":"Mal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"917","article-title":"A note on the antiinflammatory activity of bergenin","volume":"53","author":"Swarnalakshmi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-50532009000600009","article-title":"Characterization of Bergenin in Endopleura uchi Bark and its Anti-Inflammatory Activity","volume":"20","author":"Nunomura","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Braz. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-827X(01)01111-9","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory properties of plant flavonoids. Effects of rutin, quercetin and hesperidin on adjuvant arthritis in rat","volume":"56","author":"Guardia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Farmaco"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.08.001","article-title":"Therapeutic and preventive properties of quercetin in experimental arthritis correlate with decreased macrophage inflammatory mediators","volume":"72","author":"Kauss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"659","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of the flavonoid quercetin: Pharmacokinetics and evidence for in vivo tyrosine kinase inhibition","volume":"2","author":"Ferry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"196","article-title":"Antioxidants and cancer, part 3: Quercetin","volume":"5","author":"Lamson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Altern. Med. Rev."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2013000100008","article-title":"Development and validation of a HPLC method for the quantification of three flavonoids in a crude extract of Dimorphandra gardneriana","volume":"12","author":"Landim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn. Braz. J. Pharmacogn."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.7164\/antibiotics.24.114","article-title":"Studies of validamycins, new antibiotics. 3. Bioassay methods for the determination of validamycin","volume":"24","author":"Iwasa","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/1\/94\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:17:48Z","timestamp":1760210268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/1\/94"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules21010094"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21010094","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,15]]}}}