{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T13:11:10Z","timestamp":1770988270515,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the mechanism of chemical toxicity, which is essential for cross-species and dose extrapolations, is a major challenge for toxicologists. Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways. Toxicoproteomics represents a potential aid to the toxicologist to understand the multiple pathways involved in the mechanism of toxicity and also determine the biomarkers that are possible to predictive the toxicological response. We performed an acute toxicity study in Wistar rats with the prototype liver toxin; the acetaminophen (APAP) effects on protein profiles in the liver and its correlation with the plasma biochemical markers for liver injury were analyzed. Three separate groups\u2014control, nontoxic (150 mg\/kg) and toxic dose (1500 mg\/kg) of APAP\u2014were studied. The proteins extracted from the liver were separated by 2-DE and analyzed by MALDI-TOF. The differential proteins in the gels were analyzed by BIORAD\u2019s PDQuest software and identified by feeding the peptide mass fingerprint data to various public domain programs like Mascot and MS-Fit. The identified proteins in toxicity-induced rats were classified based on their putative protein functions, which are oxidative stress (31%), immunity (14%), neurological related (12%) and transporter proteins (2%), whereas in non-toxic dose-induced rats they were oxidative stress (9%), immunity (6%), neurological (14%) and transporter proteins (9%). It is evident that the percentages of oxidative stress and immunity-related proteins were up-regulated in toxicity-induced rats as compared with nontoxic and control rats. Some of the liver drug metabolizing and detoxifying enzymes were depleted under toxic conditions compared with non-toxic rats. Several other proteins were identified as a first step in developing an in-house rodent liver toxicoproteomics database.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21020161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T10:31:20Z","timestamp":1453977080000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Acetaminophen Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats\u2014A Proteomic Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soundharrajan","family":"Ilavenil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naif","family":"Al-Dhabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Srisesharam","family":"Srigopalram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Young","family":"Ock Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Crop Research, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Agastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 034, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajasekhar","family":"Baru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Division, Discovery Research, Dr. Reddy\u2019s Laboratories Ltd., Miyapur, Hyderabad-500049, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ki","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330801, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariadhas","family":"Valan Arasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Nephrotoxicity after acute severe acetaminophen poisoning in adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Boutis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"497","article-title":"Acute liver necrosis following overdose of paracetamol","volume":"5512","author":"Davidson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"201","article-title":"Acute renal failure associated with acetaminophen ingestion:Report of a case and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Kleinman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. 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