{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:37:14Z","timestamp":1791286634569,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRSII3_127187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRSII3_127187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of fungi isolated from nails of patients suffering from onychomycosis to induce de novo production of bioactive compounds in co-culture was examined. Comparison between the metabolite profiles produced by Sarocladium strictum, by Fusarium oxysporum, and by these two species in co-culture revealed de novo induction of fusaric acid based on HRMS. Structure confirmation of this toxin, using sensitive microflow NMR, required only three 9-cm Petri dishes of fungal culture. A targeted metabolomics study based on UHPLC-HRMS confirmed that the production of fusaric acid was strain-dependent. Furthermore, the detected toxin levels suggested that onychomycosis-associated fungal strains of the F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi species complexes are much more frequently producing fusaric acid, and in higher amount, than strains of the F. solani species complex. Fusarium strains producing no significant amounts of this compound in pure culture, were shown to de novo produce that compound when grown in co-culture. The role of fusaric acid in fungal virulence and defense is discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21030370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]],"date-time":"2016-03-18T13:31:03Z","timestamp":1458307863000},"page":"370","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Production of Fusaric Acid by Fusarium spp. in Pure Culture and in Solid Medium Co-Cultures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Bohni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Gindro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Buyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, D\u00e9partement Syst\u00e9matique et \u00c9volution, CP 39, ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, 12 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2070-2144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Schumpp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology and Biotechnology Group, Institute for Plant Production Sciences IPS, Agroscope, Route de Duillier 50, P. O. Box 1012, CH-1260 Nyon, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5934-7012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Monod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Laboratory of Mycology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0125-952X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Wolfender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2009.12.006","article-title":"Onychomycosis","volume":"28","author":"Welsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01765-09","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic diversity of dermatologic and other human pathogenic fusarial isolates from hospitals in northern and central Italy","volume":"48","author":"Migheli","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2013.01.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships among members of the Fusarium solani species complex in human infections and the descriptions of F. keratoplasticum sp. nov. and F. petroliphilum stat. nov.","volume":"53","author":"Short","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02371-07","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex","volume":"46","author":"Sutton","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2186","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00120-06","article-title":"Members of the Fusarium solani species complex that cause infections in both humans and plants are common in the environment","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5109","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.5109-5120.2004","article-title":"Genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium oxysporum complex inferred from multilocus DNA sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses: evidence for the recent dispersion of a geographically widespread clonal lineage and nosocomial origin","volume":"42","author":"Sutton","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(00)90129-4","article-title":"Onychomycosis caused by nondermatophytic molds: Clinical features and response to treatment of 59 cases","volume":"42","author":"Tosti","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"762","article-title":"Onychomycosis: Current trends in diagnosis and treatment","volume":"88","author":"Westerberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1159\/000079593","article-title":"Clinical and histological aspects of toenail onychomycosis caused by Aspergillus spp.: 34 cases treated with weekly intermittent terbinafine","volume":"209","author":"Gianni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/jof1010030","article-title":"Onychomycosis: A review","volume":"1","author":"Piraccini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2916","article-title":"Regulation of fungal secondary metabolism","volume":"11","author":"Brakhage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio0709-450","article-title":"Hidden biosynthetic treasures brought to light","volume":"5","author":"Hertweck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1086\/510396","article-title":"Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"195","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quercia, S., Candela, M., Giuliani, C., Turroni, S., Luiselli, D., Rampelli, S., Brigidi, P., Franceschi, C., Bacalini, M.G., and Garagnani, P. (2014). From lifetime to evolution: timescales of human gut microbiota adaptation. Front. Microbiol., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00587"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2014.10.091","article-title":"Current approaches and challenges for the metabolite profiling of complex natural extracts","volume":"1382","author":"Wolfender","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1021\/np2008544","article-title":"Cytotoxic alkaloids from Fusarium incarnatum associated with the mangrove tree Aegiceras corniculatum","volume":"75","author":"Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1021\/np400589h","article-title":"Inducing secondary metabolite production by the endophytic fungus Fusarium tricinctum through coculture with Bacillus subtilis","volume":"76","author":"Ola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14444","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ra42378f","article-title":"Induction of diverse secondary metabolites in Aspergillus fumigatus by microbial co-culture","volume":"3","author":"Rateb","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1021\/jf8033539","article-title":"Differential analysis of mycoalexins in confrontation zones of grapevine fungal pathogens by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography\/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and capillary nuclear magnetic resonance","volume":"57","author":"Glauser","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/1439-7633(20020703)3:7<619::AID-CBIC619>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Big effects from small changes: Possible ways to explore nature\u2019s chemical diversity","volume":"3","author":"Bode","year":"2002","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.04.006","article-title":"Solid-state fermentation\u2014Are there any biotechnological advantages?","volume":"8","author":"Lenz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.03.001","article-title":"Metabolite induction via microorganism co-culture: A potential way to enhance chemical diversity for drug discovery","volume":"32","author":"Bertrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10385","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4023154","article-title":"Metabolic profiling directly from the Petri dish using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization imaging mass spectrometry","volume":"85","author":"Watrous","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.08.005","article-title":"Recent advances and new strategies in the NMR-based identification of natural products","volume":"25","author":"Halabalaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6241","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117018109","article-title":"Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi","volume":"109","author":"Schoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.01.098","article-title":"Detection of metabolite induction in fungal co-cultures on solid media by high-throughput differential ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting","volume":"1292","author":"Bertrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-7562(96)80077-3","article-title":"The effect of diffusible metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum on in vitro interactions between basidiomycete isolates at two different temperature regimes","volume":"100","author":"Schoeman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mycol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1021\/np400258f","article-title":"De novo production of metabolites by fungal co-culture of Trichophyton rubrum and Bionectria ochroleuca","volume":"76","author":"Bertrand","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2012.05388.x","article-title":"Co-cultivation of phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production","volume":"113","author":"Steier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2007.06.018","article-title":"Method transfer for fast liquid chromatography in pharmaceutical analysis: Application to short columns packed with small particle. Part II: Gradient experiments","volume":"68","author":"Guillarme","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03581.x","article-title":"Bikaverin and fusaric acid from Fusarium oxysporum show antioomycete activity against Phytophthora infestans","volume":"104","author":"Son","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1021\/np1000297","article-title":"Structure elucidation at the nanomole scale. 3. Phorbasides G\u2212I from Phorbas sp.","volume":"73","author":"Dalisay","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3109\/1040841X.2013.770387","article-title":"The use of Fusarium secondary metabolite biosynthetic genes in chemotypic and phylogenetic studies","volume":"40","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.11.4039-4043.1996","article-title":"Production of fusaric acid by Fusarium species","volume":"62","author":"Bacon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MB00223G","article-title":"Multi-well fungal co-culture for de novo metabolite-induction in time-series studies based on untargeted metabolomics","volume":"10","author":"Bertrand","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. BioSyst."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s002480000084","article-title":"Competition-mediated antibiotic induction in the marine bacterium Streptomyces tenjimariensis","volume":"41","author":"Slattery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::AID-NT37>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production","volume":"7","author":"Karlovsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05164-11","article-title":"Identification of infectious agents in onychomycoses by polymerase chain reaction-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism","volume":"50","author":"Verrier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Mycoscope. Available online: http:\/\/mycoscope.bcis.ch\/."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-294X.2003.01732.x","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing suggests the chytrid pathogen of amphibians is a recently emerged clone","volume":"12","author":"Morehouse","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships among ascomycetes: evidence from an RNA polymerse II subunit","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995","article-title":"Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes","volume":"61","author":"Glass","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1999.12061051","article-title":"A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes","volume":"91","author":"Carbone","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/15572536.2004.11833070","article-title":"Sudden-death syndrome of soybean is caused by two morphologically and phylogenetically distinct species within the Fusarium solani species complex\u2014F. virguliforme in North America and F. tucumaniae in South America","volume":"95","author":"Aoki","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.3852\/12-395","article-title":"Pseudocosmospora, a new genus to accommodate Cosmospora vilior and related species","volume":"105","author":"Herrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2011.68.04","article-title":"An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny, and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora, Acremonium, Fusarium, Stilbella, and Volutella","volume":"68","author":"Grafenhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simyco.2014.12.002","article-title":"Generic concepts in Nectriaceae","volume":"80","author":"Lombard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1080\/00275514.1998.12026933","article-title":"Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex","volume":"90","author":"Cigelnik","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2012.12.004","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of RPB1 and RPB2 support a middle Cretaceous origin for a clade comprising all agriculturally and medically important fusaria","volume":"52","author":"Rooney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3851","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01616-09","article-title":"Novel multilocus sequence typing scheme reveals high genetic diversity of human pathogenic members of the Fusarium incarnatum\u2013F. equiseti and F. chlamydosporum species complexes within the United States","volume":"47","author":"Sutton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3852\/08-002","article-title":"Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fusarium dimerum species group","volume":"101","author":"Schroers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-11-14-1216-PDN","article-title":"Fusarium avenaceum: A new pathogen causing amur grape (Vitis amurensis) fruit rot in Jilin province, China","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3114\/sim.2011.68.03","article-title":"Delimitation of Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and related genera with Cylindrocarpon-like anamorphs","volume":"68","author":"Chaverri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stud. Mycol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg028","article-title":"Bayes or bootstrap? A simulation study comparing the performance of Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and bootstrapping in assessing phylogenetic confidence","volume":"20","author":"Alfaro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/45.4.524","article-title":"Testing for phylogenetic conflict among molecular data sets in the tribe Triticeae (Gramineae)","volume":"45","author":"Kellogg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.03.069","article-title":"High resolution ultra high pressure liquid chromatography\u2013time-of-flight mass spectrometry dereplication strategy for the metabolite profiling of Brazilian Lippia species","volume":"1259","author":"Funari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"HPLC Calculator. Available online: http:\/\/www.unige.ch\/sciences\/pharm\/fanal\/lcap\/telechargement.htm."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pluskal, T., Castillo, S., Villar-Briones, A., and Oresic, M. (2010). MZmine 2: Modular framework for processing, visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data. BMC Bioinform., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-395"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2007.05.001","article-title":"Influence of mineral amendment on disease suppressive activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens to Fusarium wilt of chickpea","volume":"164","author":"Saikia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000043","article-title":"FUBT, a putative MFS transporter, promotes secretion of fusaric acid in the cotton pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum","volume":"161","author":"Crutcher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"439","article-title":"The effect in vitro of exogenously applied p-hydroxybenzoic acid on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phytopathol. Mediterr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.367","article-title":"Sub6 (Tri r 2), an onychomycosis marker revealed by proteomics analysis of Trichophyton rubrum secreted proteins in patient nail samples","volume":"136","author":"Mehul","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02358198","article-title":"Correlation between fusaric acid production and virulence of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum that causes potato dry rot in South Africa","volume":"41","author":"Venter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Potato Res."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C., Zuo, C., Deng, G., Kuang, R., Yang, Q., Hu, C., Sheng, O., Zhang, S., Ma, L., and Wei, Y. (2013). Contamination of bananas with beauvericin and fusaric acid produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070226"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1021\/jf405530g","article-title":"Identification of the main toxins isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi race 2 and their relation with isolates\u2019 pathogenicity","volume":"62","author":"Bani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agr. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/nt.2620030206","article-title":"Fusaric acid in Fusarium moniliforme cultures, corn, and feeds toxic to livestock and the neurochemical effects in the brain and pineal gland of rats","volume":"3","author":"Porter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Toxins"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/3\/370\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:20:59Z","timestamp":1760210459000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/3\/370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules21030370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21030370","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,18]]}}}