{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T21:20:49Z","timestamp":1790371249603,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we found that chloroform fraction (CF) from TJP ethanolic extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular ROS in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes was reduced, as evidenced by western blot. Our results indicate that CF exerts anti-inflammatory effects by down-regulating expression of iNOS and COX-2 genes through inhibition of MAPK (ERK, JNK and p38) and NF-\u03baB signaling. Similarly we also evaluated the effects of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury. Male Balb\/c mice were pretreated with dexamethasone or CF 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. Eight hours after LPS administration, the inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The results indicated that CF inhibited LPS-induced TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 production in a dose dependent manner. It was also observed that CF attenuated LPS-induced lung histopathologic changes. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the protective effect of CF on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice might relate to the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses in lung tissue. Thus, it can be suggested that CF might be a potential therapeutic agent for ALI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21030392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]],"date-time":"2016-03-21T11:14:24Z","timestamp":1458558864000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Trapa japonica Pericarp Extract Reduces LPS-Induced Inflammation in Macrophages and Acute Lung Injury in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yon-Suk","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyuk","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 28116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangkeun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang 28116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Bok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Hyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ee-Hwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Acupoint and Meridian, College of Oriental Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byong-Tae","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pyo-Jam","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"},{"name":"Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2001.01067.x","article-title":"IgE-mediated occupational asthma induced by herbal medicine, Banha (Pinellia ternata)","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. 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