{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T07:26:04Z","timestamp":1792308364681,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,14]],"date-time":"2016-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"T\u00dcB\u0130TAK","award":["108M034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108M034"]}]},{"name":"French Embassy in Turkey"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the synthesis and the nonlinear absorption and population dynamics investigation of a series of zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) dissolved in chloroform are reported. In order to determine the relevant spectroscopic parameters, such as absorption cross-sections of singlet and triplet excited states, fluorescence relaxation times, intersystem crossing, radiative decay and internal conversion, different optical and spectroscopic techniques were used. By single pulse and pulse train Z-scan techniques, respectively, singlet and triplet excited states\u2018 absorption cross-section were determined at 532 nm. Furthermore, the intersystem crossing time was obtained by using both techniques combined with the fluorescence lifetime determined by time-resolved fluorescence. The radiative and internal conversion rates were determined from the fluorescence quantum yield of the samples. Such spectroscopy parameters are fundamental for selecting photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy, as well as for many other applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21050635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T10:20:11Z","timestamp":1463480411000},"page":"635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mechanism of the Zn(II)Phthalocyanines\u2019 Photochemical Reactions Depending on the Number of Substituents and Geometry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4587-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Zucolotto Cocca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 S\u00e3o Carlos-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"G\u00fcrek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vefa","family":"Ahsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Bretonni\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Chimie de l\u2019ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Universite\u0301 Lyon I, ENS de Lyon, 46 alle\u0301e d\u2019Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5246-1429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathas","family":"De Paula Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 S\u00e3o Carlos-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Gotardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 S\u00e3o Carlos-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cleber","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 S\u00e3o Carlos-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4500-7594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Hirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, P. O. Box 141, Gebze, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1875-1852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"De Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de F\u00edsica de S\u00e3o Carlos, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 S\u00e3o Carlos-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/tcr.20139","article-title":"Phthalocyanines: From outstanding electronic properties to emerging applications","volume":"8","author":"Claessens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rec."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds: Subunits for the Preparation of Molecular Materials","volume":"22","author":"Garcia","year":"1998","journal-title":"Turk. J. 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