{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:14:24Z","timestamp":1762506864123,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adsorption of chlorinated organic contaminants (COCs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been gaining ground as a remedial platform for groundwater treatment. Applications depend on our mechanistic understanding of COC adsorption on CNTs. This paper lays out the nature of competing interactions at play in hybrid, membrane, and pure CNT based systems and presents results with the perspective of existing gaps in design strategies. First, current remediation approaches to trichloroethylene (TCE), the most ubiquitous of the COCs, is presented along with examination of forces contributing to adsorption of analogous contaminants at the molecular level. Second, we present results on TCE adsorption and remediation on pure and hybrid CNT systems with a stress on the specific nature of substrate and molecular architecture that would contribute to competitive adsorption. The delineation of intermolecular interactions that contribute to efficient remediation is needed for custom, scalable field design of purification systems for a wide range of contaminants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21070953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]],"date-time":"2016-07-21T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1469094485000},"page":"953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Carbon Nanotube Based Groundwater Remediation: The Case of Trichloroethylene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Kshitij","family":"Jha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuonan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hema","family":"Vijwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mallikarjuna","family":"Nadagouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Mukhopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanoscale Multifunctional Materials, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7540-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesfin","family":"Tsige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoleng.2010.01.004","article-title":"An integrated model for assessing the risk of TCE groundwater contamination to human receptors and surface water ecosystems","volume":"36","author":"McKnight","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66A","DOI":"10.1021\/es0122647","article-title":"Peer reviewed: Predicting impacts of groundwater contamination","volume":"35","author":"Einarson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2006.10.006","article-title":"Groundwater\u2014Surface water interaction and its role on TCE groundwater plume attenuation","volume":"91","author":"Chapman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconhyd.2004.06.002","article-title":"Quantification of groundwater contamination in an urban area using integral pumping tests","volume":"75","author":"Bauer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s12303-010-0022-4","article-title":"Soil contamination with TCE in an industrial complex: Contamination levels and implication for groundwater contamination","volume":"14","author":"Jo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geosci. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.01.075","article-title":"Decision tree-based data mining and rule induction for identifying hydrogeological parameters that influence groundwater pollution sensitivity","volume":"122","author":"Yoo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03038.x","article-title":"Advanced oxidation processes for treating groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE: Laboratory studies","volume":"80","author":"Glaze","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03039.x","article-title":"Advanced oxidation processes for treating groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE: Pilot-scale evaluations","volume":"80","author":"Aieta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1996.0082","article-title":"Treatment of TCE-and PCE contaminated groundwater using UV\/H2O2 and O3\/H2O2 oxidation processes","volume":"33","author":"Hirvonen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2008.07.002","article-title":"Use of iron-based technologies in contaminated land and groundwater remediation: A review","volume":"400","author":"Cundy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.01.011","article-title":"Enhanced bioremediation of TCE-contaminated groundwater with coexistence of fuel oil: Effectiveness and mechanism study","volume":"289","author":"Lien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, J., Xin, J., Zheng, X., Kolditz, O., and Shao, H. (2016). Remediation of trichloroethylene-contaminated groundwater by three modifier-coated microscale zero-valent iron. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-6368-z"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3352","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04773","article-title":"Effects of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) on trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination by a dehalococcoides mccartyi-containing microbial community","volume":"50","author":"Yi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.019","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of trichloroethylene metabolism in male B6C3F1 mice: Formation and disposition of trichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl) glutathione and S-(1, 2-dichlorovinyl)-l-cysteine","volume":"238","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00199-8","article-title":"Biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) adsorbed on granular activated carbon (GAC)","volume":"34","author":"Nakano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.05.047","article-title":"Synthesis of granular activated carbon\/zero valent iron composites for simultaneous adsorption\/dechlorination of trichloroethylene","volume":"192","author":"Tseng","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1080\/00986440302139","article-title":"Photocatalytic degradation of gaseous ammonia and trichloroethylene over TiO2 ultrafine powders deposited on activated carbon particles","volume":"190","author":"Nazir","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Commun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(98)00158-4","article-title":"Application of activated carbon in a microwave radiation field to treat trichloroethylene","volume":"36","author":"Jou","year":"1998","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(87)90084-4","article-title":"Adsorption of tri-and tetra-chloroethylene from aqueous solutions on activated carbon fibers","volume":"21","author":"Sakoda","year":"1987","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00564-X","article-title":"Activated carbon adsorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) vapor stripped from TCE-contaminated water","volume":"37","author":"Miyake","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1998.5602","article-title":"Competitive effects of nondisplaceable organic compounds on trichloroethylene uptake by activated carbon. I. Thermodynamic predictions and model sensitivity analyses","volume":"205","author":"Kilduff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1998.5603","article-title":"Competitive effects of nondisplaceable organic compounds on trichloroethylene uptake by activated carbon. II. Model verification and applicability to natural organic matter","volume":"205","author":"Kilduff","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.2175\/106143016X14504669768372","article-title":"Co-adsorption of trichloroethylene and arsenate by iron-impregnated granular activated carbon","volume":"88","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.06.033","article-title":"Trichloroethylene adsorption by pine needle biochars produced at various pyrolysis temperatures","volume":"143","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(94)00423-R","article-title":"Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in pine needles caused by atmospheric emissions of kraft pulp mills","volume":"30","author":"Juuti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.058","article-title":"Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment","volume":"47","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.1021\/es8006904","article-title":"Environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials","volume":"42","author":"Mauter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-005-7523-5","article-title":"Nanomaterials and water purification: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"7","author":"Savage","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06599","article-title":"Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades","volume":"452","author":"Shannon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16351","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1064402","article-title":"Carbon nanotube immobilized composite hollow fiber membranes for pervaporative removal of volatile organics from water","volume":"114","author":"Mitra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-009-9659-1","article-title":"Fe\u2013Ni nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotube-co-cyclodextrin polyurethanes for the removal of trichloroethylene in water","volume":"12","author":"Krause","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2010.06.006","article-title":"Removal of disinfection byproducts from water by carbonized electrospun nanofibrous membranes","volume":"74","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.02.129","article-title":"Aqueous adsorption and removal of organic contaminants by carbon nanotubes","volume":"482","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5561","DOI":"10.1021\/ac100426y","article-title":"Simultaneous extraction and concentration in carbon nanotube immobilized hollow fiber membranes","volume":"82","author":"Mitra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6661","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1120965","article-title":"Investigation of Gas permeability in carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer matrix membranes via modifying CNTs with functional groups\/metals and controlling modification location","volume":"115","author":"Ge","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm00368a","article-title":"Fabrication of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced electrospun polymer nanofibers containing zero-valent iron nanoparticles for environmental applications","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.07.059","article-title":"Modification of low pressure membranes with carbon nanotube layers for fouling control","volume":"46","author":"Ajmani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.09.027","article-title":"Application of carbon nanotube technology for removal of contaminants in drinking water: A review","volume":"408","author":"Upadhyayula","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036316","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.83.036316","article-title":"Friction of water slipping in carbon nanotubes","volume":"83","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. E"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05925","article-title":"A carbon nanotube filled polydimethylsiloxane hybrid membrane for enhanced butanol recovery","volume":"4","author":"Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.03.069","article-title":"Facile synthesis of alumina-decorated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for simultaneous adsorption of cadmium ion and trichloroethylene","volume":"273","author":"Liang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.04.067","article-title":"Removal of natural organic matter from drinking water by advanced oxidation processes","volume":"80","author":"Matilainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.02.023","article-title":"Use of iron oxide nanomaterials in wastewater treatment: A review","volume":"424","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1248\/jhs1956.38.93","article-title":"Studies on the adsorption characteristics of trichloroethylene onto activated carbon fiber in gaseous phase","volume":"38","author":"Tanada","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eisei Kagaku"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4552","DOI":"10.1021\/jp1117272","article-title":"Adsorption and desorption of chlorinated compounds from pristine and thermally treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes","volume":"115","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"317","article-title":"Removal of trichloroethylene from water by adsorption on to multiwall carbon nanotubes","volume":"8","author":"Naghizadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.01.093","article-title":"Size effect of single-walled carbon nanotube on adsorption of perfluorooctanesulfonate","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.10.023","article-title":"The effects of dissolved natural organic matter on the adsorption of synthetic organic chemicals by activated carbons and carbon nanotubes","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.03.224","article-title":"Adsorption of organic contaminants by graphene nanosheets, carbon nanotubes and granular activated carbons under natural organic matter preloading conditions","volume":"565","author":"Ersan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1021\/es702971g","article-title":"Sorption of organic contaminants by carbon nanotubes: Influence of adsorbed organic matter","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.12.017","article-title":"Adsorption of synthetic organic chemicals by carbon anotubes: Effects of background solution chemistry","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2013.018","article-title":"Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of hydrophobic natural organic matter (NOM) removal from aqueous solution by multi-wall carbon nanotubes","volume":"13","author":"Naghizadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-010-4336-x","article-title":"A new bacterial biosensor for trichloroethylene detection based on a three-dimensional carbon nanotubes bioarchitecture","volume":"400","author":"Hnaien","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.10.057","article-title":"Polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based hierarchical fillers as materials for multifunctional water treatment membranes","volume":"47","author":"Crock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14893","DOI":"10.1021\/jp9007366","article-title":"Enhanced stability effect in composite polymeric nanofibers containing titanium dioxide and carbon nanotubes","volume":"113","author":"Kedem","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.06.067","article-title":"Biomimetic CNT@TiO2 composite with enhanced photocatalytic properties","volume":"281","author":"Di","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-016-0932-6","article-title":"Catalytic polymeric membranes with palladium nanoparticle\/multi-wall carbon nanotubes as hierarchical nanofillers: Preparation, characterization and application","volume":"23","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Bhushan, B. (2012). Biomimetics: Bioinspired Hierarchical-Structured Surfaces for Green Science and Technology, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12275","DOI":"10.1021\/la202613r","article-title":"Self-assembled biomimetic superhydrophobic CaCO3 coating inspired from fouling mineralization in geothermal water","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195503","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/42\/19\/195503","article-title":"Hierarchical nanostructures by nanotube grafting on porous cellular surfaces","volume":"42","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2012.09.146","article-title":"Palladium nanoparticles on hierarchical carbon surfaces: A new architecture for robust nano-catalysts","volume":"263","author":"Vijwani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2013.07.021","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles attached to porous carbon substrates: Robust materials for chemical-free water disinfection","volume":"109","author":"Karumuri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145603","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/27\/14\/145603","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotube carpets: Influence of surface functionalization","volume":"27","author":"Karumuri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Vijwani, H. (2015). Hierarchical Porous Structures with Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Adsorbents and Metal-Catalyst Supports. [Ph.D. Thesis, Wright State University]."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478381","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/478381","article-title":"Dechlorination of environmental contaminants using a hybrid nanocatalyst: Palladium nanoparticles supported on hierarchical carbon nanostructures","volume":"2012","author":"Vijwani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.01.027","article-title":"Hierarchical hybrid carbon nano-structures as robust and reusable adsorbents: Kinetic studies with model dye compound","volume":"268","author":"Vijwani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahr, J.L., Mickelson, E.T., Bronikowski, M.J., Smalley, R.E., and Tour, J.M. (2001). Dissolution of small diameter single-wall carbon nanotubes in organic solvents?. Chem. Commun.","DOI":"10.1039\/b008042j"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3460","DOI":"10.1021\/nl9016623","article-title":"High-yield organic dispersions of unfunctionalized graphene","volume":"9","author":"Hamilton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1166\/mex.2011.1023","article-title":"Application of carbon nanotubes for removing organic contaminants from water","volume":"1","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Express"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-010-1046-9","article-title":"Carbon nanotube-textured sand for controlling bioavailability of contaminated sediments","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fluid.2013.09.008","article-title":"Hydrophobicity and geometry: Water at curved graphitic-like surfaces and within model pores in self-assembled monolayers","volume":"362","author":"Accordino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fluid Phase Equilib."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphys.2011.07.019","article-title":"Structure and orientation of water molecules at model hydrophobic surfaces with curvature: From graphene sheets to carbon nanotubes and fullerenes","volume":"388","author":"Malaspina","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2015.09.009","article-title":"Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation of water diffusion in the presence of carbon nanotubes","volume":"62","author":"Naranjo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Gr. Model."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.commatsci.2011.07.041","article-title":"Molecular dynamics simulations of carbon nanotube dispersions in water: Effects of nanotube length, diameter, chirality and surfactant structures","volume":"53","author":"Uddin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renner, M., Domanov, Y., Sandrin, F., Izeddin, I., Bassereau, P., and Triller, A. (2011). Lateral diffusion on tubular membranes: Quantification of measurements bias. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025731"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1021\/ma2020613","article-title":"Interface and interphase dynamics of polystyrene chains near grafted and ungrafted silica nanoparticles","volume":"45","author":"Ndoro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CP04675K","article-title":"Unraveling origins of the heterogeneous curvature dependence of polypeptide interactions with carbon nanostructures","volume":"18","author":"Jana","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.201046558","article-title":"Effect of chirality and curvature of single-walled carbon nanotubes on the adsorption of uracil","volume":"248","author":"Rajarajeswari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21217","DOI":"10.1021\/jp403646h","article-title":"Adsorption of chlorobenzene onto (5, 5) armchair single-walled carbon nanotube and graphene sheet: Toxicity versus adsorption strength","volume":"117","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156105","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.97.156105","article-title":"Selective nontemplated adsorption of organic molecules on nanofacets and the role of bonding patterns","volume":"97","author":"Du","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.1021\/ja200329p","article-title":"Shape-selective synthesis and facet-dependent enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of monodisperse sub-10 nm Pt- Pd tetrahedrons and cubes","volume":"133","author":"Yin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25969","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4032404","article-title":"Facet recognition and molecular ordering of ionic liquids on metal surfaces","volume":"117","author":"Jha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinz, H., Jha, K.C., Luettmer-Strathmann, J., Farmer, B.L., and Naik, R.R. (2010). Polarization at metal-biomolecular interfaces in solution. J. R. Soc. Interface.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2010.0318"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15489","DOI":"10.1021\/ja406018u","article-title":"Facet-selective adsorption on noble metal crystals guided by electrostatic potential surfaces of aromatic molecules","volume":"135","author":"Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/7\/953\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:26:44Z","timestamp":1760210804000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/7\/953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules21070953"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21070953","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1420-3049"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,21]]}}}