{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:15:34Z","timestamp":1783570534157,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGP-239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGP-239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three organotin complexes containing furosemide as a ligand (L), Ph3SnL, Me2SnL2 and Bu2SnL2, were synthesized and characterized. Octahedral geometry was proposed for the Me2SnL2 and Bu2SnL2, while the Ph3SnL complex has trigonal bipyramid geometry. The synthesized organotin complexes (0.5% by weight) were used as additives to improve the photostability of poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, (40 \u03bcm thickness) upon irradiation. The changes imposed on functional groups, weight loss and viscosity average molecular weight of PVC films were monitored. The experimental results show that the rate of photodegradation was reduced in the presence of the organotin additives. The quantum yield of the chain scission was found to be low (9.8 \u00d7 10\u22127) when Ph3SnL was used as a PVC photostabilizer compared to controlled PVC (5.18 \u00d7 10\u22126). In addition, the atomic force microscope images for the PVC films containing Ph3SnL2 after irradiation shows a smooth surface compared to the controlled films. The rate of PVC photostabilization was found to be highest for Ph3SnL followed by Bu2SnL2 and Me2SnL2. It has been suggested that the organotin complexes could act as hydrogen chloride scavengers, ultraviolet absorbers, peroxide decomposers and\/or radical scavengers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21091151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]],"date-time":"2016-08-30T09:56:03Z","timestamp":1472550963000},"page":"1151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Photostabilizing Efficiency of Poly(vinyl chloride) in the Presence of Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"El-Hiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-4724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emad","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Z., Ding, A., Guo, H., Lu, G., and Huang, X. (2016). Construction of nontoxic polymeric UV-absorber with great resistance to UV-photoaging. Sci. Rep.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25508"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(02)00039-4","article-title":"Technical progresses for PVC production","volume":"27","author":"Saeki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. 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