{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T20:10:03Z","timestamp":1774123803135,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chongqing Tobacco Corporation Fund","award":["NY20140401070010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NY20140401070010"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund","award":["CX(14)2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX(14)2096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thymol is a famous plant-derived compound that has been widely used in pharmacy due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the modulation of intrinsic plant physiology by thymol remains unclear. It is a significant challenge to confer plant tolerance to Cd (cadmium) stress. In the present study physiological, histochemical, and biochemical methods were applied to investigate thymol-induced Cd tolerance in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings. Thymol was able to alleviate Cd-induced growth inhibition of tobacco seedlings in both dose- and time-dependent manners. Both histochemical detection and in-tube assays suggested that thymol treatment blocked Cd-induced over-generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and loss of membrane integrity in both leaves and roots. Thymol decreased Cd-induced cell death that was indicated in vivo by propidium iodide (PI) and trypan blue, respectively. Thymol stimulated glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis by upregulating the expression of \u03b3-glutamylcysteine synthetase 1 (GSH1) in Cd-treated seedlings, which may contribute to the alleviation of Cd-induced oxidative injury. In situ fluorescent detection of intracellular Cd2+ revealed that thymol significantly decreased free Cd2+ in roots, which could be explained by the thymol-stimulated GSH biosynthesis and upregulation of the expression of phyochelatin synthase 1 (PCS1). Taken together, these results suggested that thymol has great potential to trigger plant resistant responses to combat heavy metal toxicity, which may help our understanding of the mechanism for thymol-modulated cell metabolic pathways in response to environmental stimuli.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]],"date-time":"2016-10-14T09:40:29Z","timestamp":1476438029000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Thymol Mitigates Cadmium Stress by Regulating Glutathione Levels and Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Tobacco Seedlings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiefeng","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianxiao","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanfeng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Yangzi Modern Agriculture Investment and Development Co. Ltd., Nanjing 211899, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cunfa","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangbin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Quality and Safety, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0901234","article-title":"Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes","volume":"118","author":"Satarug","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(97)00110-3","article-title":"Studies on cadmium toxicity in plants: A review","volume":"98","author":"Das","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chmielowska-B\u0105k, J., Gzyl, J., Ruci\u0144ska-Sobkowiak, R., Arasimowicz-Jelonek, M., and Deckert, J. (2014). The new insights into cadmium sensing. Front. Plant Sci., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00245"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2901","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv063","article-title":"Contribution of glutathione to the control of cellular redox homeostasis under toxic metal and metalloid stress","volume":"66","author":"Escobar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00242-8","article-title":"X-ray absorption spectroscopy of cadmium phytochelatin and model systems","volume":"1429","author":"Pickering","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)\u2014Protein Struct. Mol. Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.2116\/analsci.24.277","article-title":"Chelation of cadmium ions by phytochelatin synthase: role of the cysteine-rich C-terminal","volume":"24","author":"Vestergaard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anal. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1438-8677.2010.00422.x","article-title":"Over-expression of GSH1 in the cytosol affects the photosynthetic apparatus and improves the performance of transgenic poplars on heavy metal-contaminated soil","volume":"13","author":"Ivanova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant Biol. Stuttg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5509","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err228","article-title":"Cadmium tolerance and phytochelatin content of Arabidopsis seedlings over-expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene AtPCS1","volume":"62","author":"Brunetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018","article-title":"Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils\u2014To mobilize or to immobilize?","volume":"266","author":"Bolan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2012.08.003","article-title":"Plant science: The key to preventing slow cadmium poisoning","volume":"18","author":"Clemens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, S., Parihar, P., Singh, R., SINGH, V.P., and Prasad, S.M. (2016). Heavy metal tolerance in plants: Role of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics and ionomics. Front. Plant Sci., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.01143"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/J157v04n01_07","article-title":"Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), thymol","volume":"4","author":"Basch","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Herb. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants against the pathogenic microorganisms: A review","volume":"2","author":"Akthar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Issues Biol. Sci. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-013-9732-x","article-title":"Thymol inhibits LPS-stimulated inflammatory response via down-regulation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK signaling pathways in mouse mammary epithelial cells","volume":"37","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.07.028","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities of thymol, a monoterpene of the essential oil from Lippia gracilis, in rodents","volume":"143","author":"Riella","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.12.006","article-title":"Thymol, a dietary monoterpene phenol abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction in \u03b2-adrenergic agonist induced myocardial infarcted rats by inhibiting oxidative stress","volume":"244","author":"Jagadeesh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem.-Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.06.052","article-title":"The essential oils thymol and carvacrol applied in the packing lines avoid lemon spoilage and maintain quality during storage","volume":"35","author":"Castillo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M., and Rai, M. (2013). Antifungal Metabolites from Plants, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38076-1"},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"USEPA\/IRIS Integrated Risk Information System, Available online: http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/iris\/."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Available online: http:\/\/toxnet.nlm.nih.gov\/cgi-bin\/sis\/htmlgen?HSDB."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-013-0786-8","article-title":"Thymol from Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. protects against tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in Chang cells","volume":"68","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2010.08.016","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants","volume":"48","author":"Gill","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.12.040","article-title":"Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems\u2014A review","volume":"54","author":"Calo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.05.055","article-title":"A status review on the medicinal properties of essential oils","volume":"62","author":"Raut","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"63","article-title":"Essential oils as green pesticides: Potential and constraints","volume":"4","author":"Koul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biopestic. Int."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd-Elhakim, Y.M., and Mohamed, W.A.M. (2015). Assessment of the role of thymol in combating chromium (VI)-induced oxidative stress in isolated rat erythrocytes in vitro. Toxicol. Environ. Chem.","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2015.1121490"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.21971","article-title":"Thymol, a monoterpene phenolic derivative of cymene, abrogates mercury-induced oxidative stress resultant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells","volume":"30","author":"Shettigar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2006.01571.x","article-title":"Cadmium affects tobacco cells by a series of three waves of reactive oxygen species that contribute to cytotoxicity","volume":"29","author":"Garnier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plantsci.2004.07.021","article-title":"Oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to cadmium is due to hydrogen peroxide accumulation","volume":"168","author":"Cho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12280","article-title":"Cadmium induces two waves of reactive oxygen species in Glycine max (L.) roots","volume":"37","author":"Molina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.078295","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species in plant cell death","volume":"141","author":"Dat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.059907","article-title":"Fatty acid hydroperoxides and H2O2 in the execution of hypersensitive cell death in tobacco leaves","volume":"138","author":"Montillet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(68)90654-1","article-title":"Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation","volume":"125","author":"Heath","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00454-3","article-title":"The effect of thymol and its derivatives on reactions generating reactive oxygen species","volume":"41","author":"Kruk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.05.073","article-title":"Electronic structure of some thymol derivatives correlated with the radical scavenging activity: Theoretical study","volume":"165","author":"Javan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, M.A., Piyatida, P., da Silva, J.A.T., and Fujita, M. (2012). Molecular mechanism of heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants: Central role of glutathione in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal and in heavy metal chelation. J. Bot., 2012.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/872875"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2012.04.006","article-title":"Unravelling cadmium toxicity and tolerance in plants: Insight into regulatory mechanisms","volume":"83","author":"Gallego","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.126.2.564","article-title":"The biological functions of glutathione revisited in Arabidopsis transgenic plants with altered glutathione levels","volume":"126","author":"Xiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2011.10.001","article-title":"A burst of plant NADPH oxidases","volume":"17","author":"Marino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.079129","article-title":"Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Contribution to oxidative stress and interorganellar signaling","volume":"141","author":"Rhoads","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2008.02512.x","article-title":"Origin of cadmium-induced reactive oxygen species production: Mitochondrial electron transfer versus plasma membrane NADPH oxidase","volume":"179","author":"Heyno","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2011.07.014","article-title":"Respiratory burst oxidases: The engines of ROS signaling","volume":"14","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"846","article-title":"Cd2+ stress induces two waves of H2O2 accumulation associated with ROS-generating system and ROS-scavenging system in cultured tobacco cells","volume":"6","author":"Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust. J. Crop Sci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.2012.01510.x","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil and its main components on nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages","volume":"64","author":"Kavoosi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2008.04.048","article-title":"Antifungal, phytotoxic and insecticidal properties of essential oil isolated from Turkish Origanum acutidens and its three components, carvacrol, thymol and p-cymene","volume":"99","author":"Kordali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-004-1216-7","article-title":"Effect of monoterpenes on lipid oxidation in maize","volume":"219","author":"Zunino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01485","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth","volume":"422","author":"Foreman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-013-1474-6","article-title":"Inhibition of histone deacetylation alters Arabidopsis root growth in response to auxin via PIN1 degradation","volume":"32","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.08.028","article-title":"Biological detection and analysis of mercury toxicity to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants","volume":"70","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s004250000376","article-title":"NADH-stimulated, cyanide-resistant superoxide production in maize coleoptiles analyzed with a tetrazolium-based assay","volume":"212","author":"Frahry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pci202","article-title":"Nitric oxide reduces aluminum toxicity by preventing oxidative stress in the roots of Cassia tora L.","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00218-12","article-title":"Expression of the laccase gene from a white rot fungus in Pichia pastoris can enhance the resistance of this yeast to H2O2-mediated oxidative stress by stimulating the glutathione-based antioxidative system","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.112.211144","article-title":"Natural variation of Arabidopsis root architecture reveals complementing adaptive strategies to potassium starvation","volume":"161","author":"Kellermeier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03207.x","article-title":"An endoplasmic reticulum response pathway mediates programmed cell death of root tip induced by water stress in Arabidopsis","volume":"186","author":"Duan","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3815","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv185","article-title":"Cadmium-inducible expression of the ABC-type transporter AtABCC3 increases phytochelatin-mediated cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis","volume":"66","author":"Brunetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2589","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erh262","article-title":"Localization of ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid oxidase, and glutathione in roots of Cucurbita maxima L.","volume":"55","author":"Liso","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, Q., Bi, J., Wang, X., Jiang, T., Wu, C., Tian, F., Gao, X., Wan, X., and Zheng, H. (2016). GLP-2 prevents intestinal mucosal atrophy and improves tissue antioxidant capacity in a mouse model of total parenteral nutrition. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8010033"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1111\/plb.12282","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare on phytopathogenic strains isolated from soybean","volume":"17","author":"Oliva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Biol. Stuttg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, T., Zhou, H., Zhou, W., Hu, L., Chen, J., and Shi, Z. (2016). The fungicidal activity of thymol against Fusarium graminearum via inducing lipid peroxidation and disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21060770"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/10\/1339\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T19:33:03Z","timestamp":1760211183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/21\/10\/1339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules21101339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules21101339","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,14]]}}}