{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:11:47Z","timestamp":1791475907335,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Snake venoms are composed of a complex mixture of active proteins that induce toxic effects, such as edema, hemorrhage, and death. Lachesis muta has the highest lethality indices in Brazil. In most cases, antivenom fails to neutralize local effects, leading to disabilities in victims. Thus, alternative treatments are under investigation, and plant extracts are promising candidates. The objective of this work was to investigate the ability of crude extracts, fractions, or isolated products of Erythroxylum ovalifolium and Erythroxylum subsessile to neutralize some toxic effects of L. muta venom. All samples were mixed with L. muta venom, then in vivo (hemorrhage and edema) and in vitro (proteolysis, coagulation, and hemolysis) assays were performed. Overall, crude extracts or fractions of Erythroxylum spp. inhibited (20%\u2013100%) toxic effects of the venom, but products achieved an inhibition of 4%\u201330%. However, when venom was injected into mice before the plant extracts, hemorrhage and edema were not inhibited by the samples. On the other hand, an inhibition of 5%\u201340% was obtained when extracts or products were given before venom injection. These results indicate that the extracts or products of Erythroxylum spp. could be a promising source of molecules able to treat local toxic effects of envenomation by L. muta venom, aiding in the development of new strategies for antivenom treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]],"date-time":"2016-10-11T11:27:28Z","timestamp":1476185248000},"page":"1350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Protective Effect of the Plant Extracts of Erythroxylum sp. against Toxic Effects Induced by the Venom of Lachesis muta Snake"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Coriolano de Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niter\u00f3i 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Alves Soares Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayanna","family":"De Mello Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niter\u00f3i 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Guerra Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de Professores, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24435-005, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz","family":"Carlos Simas Pereira Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niter\u00f3i 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eladio","family":"Flores Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry of Proteins from Animal Venoms, Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caio","family":"Pinho Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Phytopharmaceutical Nanobiotechnology, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-311X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leandro","family":"Machado Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niter\u00f3i 24210-346, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Lopes Fuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niter\u00f3i 24020-141, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2","article-title":"Snake bite","volume":"375","author":"Warrel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61159-4","article-title":"The global snake bite initiative: An antidote for snake bite","volume":"375","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"377","article-title":"Isolation of bothrasperin, a disintegrin with potent platelet aggregation inhibitory activity, from the venom of the snake Bothrops asper","volume":"50","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev. 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