{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T06:06:54Z","timestamp":1789884414582,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 program)","award":["2012CB517705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012CB517705"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a progressive kidney disease caused by a Chinese herb containing aristolochic acid. Excessive death of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) characterized the acute phase of AAN. Therapies for acute AAN were limited, such as steroids and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)\/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). It was interesting that, in acute AAN, female patients showed relative slower progression to renal failure than males. In a previous study, female hormone 17\u03b2-estradiol (E2) was found to attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of E2 in acute AAN. Compared with male C57BL\/6 mice of acute AAN, lower serum creatinine (SCr) and less renal injury, together with RTEC apoptosis in females, were found. Treatment with E2 in male AAN mice reduced SCr levels and attenuated renal tubular injury and RTEC apoptosis. In the mice kidney tissue and human renal proximal tubule cells (HK-2 cells), E2 both attenuated AA-induced cell apoptosis and downregulated the expression of phosphor-p53 (Ser15), p53, and cleaved-caspase-3. This study highlights that E2 exhibited protective effects on the renal injury of acute AAN in male mice by reducing RTEC apoptosis, which might be related to inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21101391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T10:46:25Z","timestamp":1476787585000},"page":"1391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Renal Protective Effects of 17\u03b2-Estradiol on Mice with Acute Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8327-7969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92984-2","article-title":"Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women: Association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs","volume":"341","author":"Vanherweghem","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.129","article-title":"Aristolochic acid nephropathy: A worldwide problem","volume":"74","author":"Debelle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E26","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.28624","article-title":"Aristolochic acid nephropathy in a Chinese patient: Time to abandon the term \u201cChinese herbs nephropathy\u201d?","volume":"38","author":"Gillerot","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. 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