{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T20:02:55Z","timestamp":1779134575222,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A detailed, methodical approach was used to synthesise silver and gold nanoparticles using two differently prepared aqueous extracts of the brown algae Sargassum incisifolium. The efficiency of the extracts in producing nanoparticles were compared to commercially available brown algal fucoidans, a major constituent of brown algal aqueous extracts. The nanoparticles were characterised using TEM, XRD and UV\/Vis spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. The rate of nanoparticle formation was assessed using UV\/Vis spectroscopy and related to the size, shape and morphology of the nanoparticles as revealed by TEM. The antioxidant, reducing power and total polyphenolic contents of the aqueous extracts and fucoidans were determined, revealing that the aqueous extracts with the highest contents produced smaller, spherical, more monodisperse nanoparticles at a faster rate. The nanoparticles were assessed against two gram-negative bacteria, two gram-positive bacteria and one yeast strain. In contrast to the literature, the silver nanoparticles produced using the aqueous extracts were particularly toxic to Gram-negative bacteria, while the gold nanoparticles lacked activity. The cytotoxic activity of the nanoparticles was also evaluated against cancerous (HT-29, MCF-7) and non-cancerous (MCF-12a) cell lines. The silver nanoparticles displayed selectivity, since the MCF-12a cell line was found to be resistant to the nanoparticles, while the cancerous HT-29 cell line was found to be sensitive (10% viability). The gold nanoparticles displayed negligible toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21121633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T10:36:37Z","timestamp":1480674997000},"page":"1633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Enhanced Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Sargassum incisifolium Aqueous Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mokone","family":"Mmola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-2637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilize","family":"Roes-Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5951-1900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Durrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biocatalysis and Technical Biology Research Group, Institute of Biomedical and Microbial Biotechnology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Sibuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mervin","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denzil","family":"Beukes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7303-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278925","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/278925","article-title":"Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the aqueous extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum for enhanced antibacterial activity","volume":"2013","author":"Ramteke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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