{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T06:43:40Z","timestamp":1790491420906,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory activity of Gaultheria procumbens dry lipophilic leaf extracts were evaluated. Forty compounds were identified by GC-MS, representing 86.36% and 81.97% of the petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (CHE) extracts, respectively, with ursolic acid (28.82%), oleanolic acid (10.11%), methyl benzoate (10.03%), and methyl salicylate (6.88%) dominating in CHE, and methyl benzoate (21.59%), docosane (18.86%), and octacosane (11.72%) prevailing in PE. Three components of CHE were fully identified after flash chromatography isolation and spectroscopic studies as (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (4.35%), 8-demethyl-latifolin (1.13%), and 8-demethylsideroxylin (2.25%). Hyaluronidase and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was tested for CHE (IC50 = 282.15 \u00b1 10.38 \u03bcg\/mL and 899.97 \u00b1 31.17 \u03bcg\/mL, respectively), PE (IC50 = 401.82 \u00b1 16.12 \u03bcg\/mL and 738.49 \u00b1 15.92 \u03bcg\/mL), and nine of the main constituents versus heparin (IC50 = 366.24 \u00b1 14.72 \u03bcg\/mL) and indomethacin (IC50 = 92.60 \u00b1 3.71 \u03bcg\/mL) as positive controls. With the best activity\/concentration relationships, ursolic and oleanolic acids were recommended as analytical markers for the extracts and plant material. Seasonal variation of both markers following foliar development was investigated by UHPLC-PDA. The highest levels of ursolic (5.36\u20135.87 mg\/g DW of the leaves) and oleanolic (1.14\u20131.26 mg\/g DW) acids were observed between August and October, indicating the optimal season for harvesting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22030412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,9]],"date-time":"2017-03-09T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1489042603000},"page":"412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Metabolite Profiling of Eastern Teaberry  (Gaultheria procumbens L.) Lipophilic Leaf  Extracts with Hyaluronidase and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3663-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-0692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Owczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Matczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyna","family":"Kosno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3438-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Szyma\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El\u017cbieta","family":"Mikiciuk-Olasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kilanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiktor","family":"Weso\u0142owski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Olszewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszynskiego, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12071","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181012071","article-title":"Gaultheria: Phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.06.002","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological activity of Gaultheria procumbens L. essential oil","volume":"49","author":"Pejin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind. 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