{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:57:06Z","timestamp":1787029026429,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the biological activity of an ether extract and barbatic acid (BAR) from Cladia aggregata on embryos and adult mollusks of Biomphalaria glabrata, cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the microcrustacean Artemia salina. The ether extract and BAR were obtained by successive extractions with diethyl ether. The obtained extracts were analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the ether extract exerted embryotoxic effects at 50 and 100 \u00b5g\/mL and molluscicidal effects at 20 and 25 \u00b5g\/mL. BAR exhibited no embryotoxicity, and its molluscicidal concentration was equal to that of the ether extract. However, after 60 min of exposure, 1 \u00b5g\/mL BAR presented cercaricidal activity against the parasite S. mansoni at the second larval stage. Neither substance induced toxicity against A. salina. These results indicate the potential molluscicidal activities of the ether extract and BAR against B. glabrata and S. mansoni cercariae. In addition to these effects, there was a lack of toxicity against the aquatic environment and no damage to the biota, indicating the potential of these products for large-scale control and\/or eradication of schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22040568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T10:35:49Z","timestamp":1490956549000},"page":"568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Barbatic Acid Offers a New Possibility for Control of Biomphalaria Glabrata and Schistosomiasis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9424-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00f4nica","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hianna","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luanna","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f4nica","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Aires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de S\u00edntese e Isolamento Molecular, Centro Acad\u00eamico de Vit\u00f3ria de Santo Ant\u00e3o, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vit\u00f3ria de Santo Ant\u00e3o, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5821-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eug\u00eania","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Geogr\u00e1ficas, Centro de Filosofia e Ci\u00eancias Humanas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"De Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nic\u00e1cio","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2015). 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