{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T09:24:34Z","timestamp":1761989074298,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work describes the preparation of transparent TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. An optimized electrolyte composition (0.2 mol dm\u22123 NH4F and 4 mol dm\u22123 H2O in ethylene glycol) was used for the anodization of Ti films with different thicknesses (from 100 to 1300 nm) sputtered on the FTO glass substrates. For Ti thicknesses 600 nm and higher, anodization resulted in the formation of TNT arrays with an outer nanotube diameter around 180 nm and a wall thickness around 45 nm, while for anodized Ti thicknesses of 100 nm, the produced nanotubes were not well defined. The transmittance in the visible region (\u03bb = 500 nm) varied from 90% for the thinnest TNT array to 65% for the thickest TNT array. For the fabrication of transparent TNT arrays by anodization, the optimal Ti thickness on FTO was around 1000 nm. Such fabricated TNT arrays with a length of 2500 nm exhibit stable photocurrent densities in aqueous electrolytes (~300 \u00b5A cm\u22122 at potential 0.5 V vs. Ag\/AgCl). The stability of the photocurrent response and a sufficient transparency (\u226565%) enables the use of transparent TNT arrays in photoelectrochemical applications when the illumination from the support\/semiconductor interface is a necessary condition and the transmitted light can be used for another purpose (photocathode or photochemical reaction in the electrolyte).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22050775","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]],"date-time":"2017-05-10T12:04:20Z","timestamp":1494417860000},"page":"775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Transparent Nanotubular TiO2 Photoanodes Grown Directly on FTO Substrates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"\u0160\u00e1rka","family":"Pau\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n","family":"Kment","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Zl\u00e1mal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Baudys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zden\u011bk","family":"Hubi\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palack\u00fd University, RCPTM, Joint Laboratory of Optics, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Kr\u00fdsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/238037a0","article-title":"Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode","volume":"238","author":"Fujishima","year":"1972","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201001374","article-title":"TiO2 nanotubes: Synthesis and applications","volume":"50","author":"Roy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. 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