{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:24:45Z","timestamp":1790292285115,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of propolis from Poland and performed chemical analysis by GC\u2013MS, as well as determined its botanical origin. Chemical constituents typical for bud exudates of Populus nigra (section Aigeiros) were determined, however, glycerol esters of phenolic acids, as well as unusually high amounts of p-coumaric and ferulic acid and their benzyl esters, were also detected. These constituents are characteristic for buds of Populus tremula (section Leuce). We also evaluated the antiproliferative effect of propolis extracts against nine human cancer cell lines. Additionally, promising antibacterial activity of the dichloromethane extract (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration MIC values of 0.95\u20131.24 mg\/mL), as well as a moderate antifungal activity (MIC values of 1.25\u20131.40 mg\/mL), was noticed. Propolis from Poland appeared as a rich source of antibacterial and antiproliferative compounds and this confirmed that it is a valuable natural product with the potential to improve human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22071159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T11:13:11Z","timestamp":1499771591000},"page":"1159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Propolis from Poland"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9296-9059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Popova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Departments of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2417-6313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Efstathia","family":"Giannopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology Laboratory, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9313-5929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krystyna","family":"Skalicka-Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantia","family":"Graikou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Departments of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslaw","family":"Widelski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20093 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vassya","family":"Bankova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haralabos","family":"Kalofonos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Oncology Laboratory, University Hospital of Patras, Patras Medical School, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Sivolapenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-1849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Gawe\u0142-B\u0119ben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 35225 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Antosiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, 35225 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Chinou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Departments of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1029","article-title":"Resent progress in pharmacological research of propolis","volume":"15","author":"Banskota","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytother. 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