{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T08:45:46Z","timestamp":1772613946153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11574113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11574113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1374123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1374123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11374123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11374123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11604024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11604024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University","award":["2016155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Absorption, fluorescence spectra of chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and all-trans-\u03b2-carotene (\u03b2-Car) mixing solution are investigated in different polarity and polarizability solvents. The carotenoids regulate the energy flow in photosynthesis by interaction with chlorophyll, leading to an observable reduction of Chl-a fluorescence. The fluorescence red shifts with the increasing solvent polarizability. The energy transfer in the Chl-a and \u03b2-Car system is proposed. The electron transfer should be dominant in quenching Chl-a fluorescence rather than the energy transfer in this system. Polar solvent with large polarizability shows high quenching efficiency. When dissolved in carbon tetrachloride, Chl-a presents red shift of absorption and blue shift of fluorescence spectra with increasing \u03b2-Car concentration, which implies a Chl-a conformational change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]],"date-time":"2017-09-21T12:17:40Z","timestamp":1505996260000},"page":"1585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Concentration Effect on Quenching of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence by All-Trans-\u03b2-Carotene in Photosynthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zuowei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenglin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Men","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab0214","article-title":"Structural basis for energy transfer pathways in the plant PSI-LHCI supercomplex","volume":"348","author":"Qin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11337","DOI":"10.1021\/jp402977y","article-title":"Chlorophyll triplet quenching and photoprotection in the higher plant monomeric antenna protein Lhcb5","volume":"117","author":"Ballottari","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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