{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T18:55:45Z","timestamp":1770576945393,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation is a reaction of the host to infectious or sterile stimuli and has the physiological purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled or unresolved inflammation can lead to tissue damage, giving rise to a plethora of chronic inflammatory diseases, including metabolic syndrome and autoimmunity pathologies with eventual loss of organ function. Beta-nitrostyrene and its derivatives are known to have several biological activities, including anti-edema, vasorelaxant, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, few studies have been carried out regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of this class of compounds. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of 1-nitro-2-phenylethene (NPe) using in vitro and in vivo assays. Firstly, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of NPe was evaluated by measuring TNF-\u03b1 produced by human macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). NPe at non-toxic doses opposed the inflammatory effects induced by LPS stimulation, namely production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-\u03b1 and activation of NF-\u03baB and ERK pathways (evaluated by phosphorylation of inhibitor of kappa B-alpha [I\u03baB-\u03b1] and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 [ERK1\/2], respectively). In a well-established model of acute pleurisy, pretreatment of LPS-challenged mice with NPe reduced neutrophil accumulation in the pleural cavity. This anti-inflammatory effect was associated with reduced activation of NF-\u03baB and ERK1\/2 pathways in NPe treated mice as compared to untreated animals. Notably, NPe was as effective as dexamethasone in both, reducing neutrophil accumulation and inhibiting ERK1\/2 and I\u03baB-\u03b1 phosphorylation. Taken together, the results suggest a potential anti-inflammatory activity for NPe via inhibition of ERK1\/2 and NF-\u03baB pathways on leukocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22111977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T11:13:35Z","timestamp":1510744415000},"page":"1977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Anti-Inflammatory Potential of 1-Nitro-2-Phenylethylene"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Michelle","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Signaling, Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia","family":"De Jesus Amazonas da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biological Activity, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Froede Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Signaling, Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosivaldo","family":"Dos Santos Borges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Studies and Selection of Bioactive Molecules, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1695-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"De Araujo Boleti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Studies and Selection of Bioactive Molecules, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maritza","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nucleus of Studies and Selection of Bioactive Molecules, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, PA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Carlos Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research in Drugs, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lirlandia","family":"Pires Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Inflammation Signaling, Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emerson","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biological Activity, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, AM, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pimentel, A.A.M.P. 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