{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:13:01Z","timestamp":1783480381205,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2013\/08757-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/08757-3"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)","award":["2014\/50420-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/50420-9"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)","award":["311048\/2016-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["311048\/2016-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cyanobacteria are able to produce a wide range of secondary metabolites, including toxins and protease inhibitors, with diverse biological activities. Microginins are small linear peptides biosynthesized by cyanobacteria species that act against proteases. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify microginins produced by the LTPNA08 strain of Microcystis aeruginosa, as well as to verify their potential to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC. 3.4.15.1) using in vitro and in silico methods. The fractionation of cyanobacterial extracts was performed by liquid chromatography and the presence of microginins was monitored by both LC-MS and an ACE inhibition assay. Enzyme inhibition was assayed by ACE with hippuryl-histidyl-leucine as the substrate; monitoring of hippuric acid was performed by HPLC-DAD. Isolated microginins were confirmed by mass spectrometry and were used to carry out the enzymatic assay. Molecular docking was used to evaluate microginin 770 (MG 770) and captopril (positive control), in order to predict similar binding interactions and determine the inhibitory action of ACE. The enzyme assay confirmed that MG 770 can efficiently inhibit ACE, with an IC50 equivalent to other microginins. MG 770 presented with comparable interactions with ACE, having features in common with commercial inhibitors such as captopril and enalaprilate, which are frequently used in the treatment of hypertension in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22121884","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]],"date-time":"2017-12-05T11:50:28Z","timestamp":1512474628000},"page":"1884","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Identification, In Vitro Testing and Molecular Docking Studies of Microginins\u2019 Mechanism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Paiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 17, CEP 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, CEP 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glaucio","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Trossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 13, CEP 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7614-3014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernani","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bl. 17, CEP 05508-000 S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2007.01.012","article-title":"Bioactive natural products from marine cyanobacteria for drug discovery","volume":"68","author":"Tan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4089","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.13.4089-4097.1999","article-title":"Nonribosomal peptide synthesis and toxigenicity of cyanobacteria","volume":"181","author":"Neilan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550500248498","article-title":"Bioactive compounds from cyanobacteria and microalgae: An overview","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. 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