{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:36:35Z","timestamp":1791812195518,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]],"date-time":"2018-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chitosan is a natural polymer, which has been used in agriculture to stimulate crop growth. Furthermore, it has been used for the encapsulation of nanoparticles in order to obtain controlled release. In this work, the effect of chitosan\u2013PVA and Cu nanoparticles (Cu NPs) absorbed on chitosan\u2013PVA on growth, antioxidant capacity, mineral content, and saline stress in tomato plants was evaluated. The results show that treatments with chitosan\u2013PVA increased tomato growth. Furthermore, chitosan\u2013PVA increased the content of chlorophylls a and b, total chlorophylls, carotenoids, and superoxide dismutase. When chitosan\u2013PVA was mixed with Cu NPs, the mechanism of enzymatic defense of tomato plants was activated. The chitosan\u2013PVA and chitosan\u2013PVA + Cu NPs increased the content of vitamin C and lycopene, respectively. The application of chitosan\u2013PVA and Cu NPs might induce mechanisms of tolerance to salinity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23010178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,17]],"date-time":"2018-01-17T04:23:44Z","timestamp":1516163024000},"page":"178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Effects of Chitosan\u2013PVA and Cu Nanoparticles on the Growth and Antioxidant Capacity of Tomato under Saline Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hip\u00f3lito","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5734-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C\u00e1tedras CONACyT, Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2729-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adalberto","family":"Benavides-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hortensia","family":"Ortega-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Cadenas-Pliego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Saltillo 25294, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ju\u00e1rez-Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bot\u00e1nica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo 25315, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-5148(00)00038-9","article-title":"A review of chitin and chitosan applications","volume":"46","year":"2000","journal-title":"React. 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