{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:30:42Z","timestamp":1783114242691,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,28]],"date-time":"2018-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Saud University, Deanship of Scientific Research, Research Chairs"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three organotin(IV) complexes containing ciprofloxacin as a ligand (Ph3SnL, Me2SnL2 and Bu2SnL2; 0.5% by weight) were used as additives to inhibit the photodegradation of polyvinyl chloride films (40 \u00b5m thickness) upon irradiation with ultraviolet light (\u03bbmax = 313 at a light intensity = 7.75 \u00d7 10\u22127 ein dm\u22123 S\u22121) at room temperature. The efficiency of organotin(IV) complexes as photostabilizers was determined by monitoring the changes in the weight, growth of specific functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl and carbene), viscosity, average molecular weight, chain scission and degree of deterioration of the polymeric films upon irradiation. The results obtained indicated that organotin(IV) complexes stabilized poly(vinyl chloride) and the dimethyltin(IV) complex was the most efficient additive. The surface morphologies of poly(vinyl chloride) films containing organotin(IV) complexes were examined using an atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscopy. These showed that the surface of polymeric films containing organotin(IV) complexes were smoother and less rough, compared to the surface of the blank films. Some mechanisms that explained the role of organotin(IV) complexes in poly(vinyl chloride) photostabilization process were proposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23020254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,29]],"date-time":"2018-01-29T07:46:20Z","timestamp":1517211980000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Effect of Ultraviolet Irradiation on the Physicochemical Properties of Poly(vinyl Chloride) Films Containing Organotin(IV) Complexes as Photostabilizers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Duaa","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6675-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gamal","family":"El-Hiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emad","family":"Yousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad 64021, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dina","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit 34001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Integrated Nano-Systems, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgess, R.H. (1982). 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